5. C. confìnis, Nutt. Tall; panicle elongated (4–6´), its rather slender branches spreading at flowering-time, afterward appressed; glumes lance-oblong, very acute, 2´´ long, pale; hairs of the flower copious, equal, slightly or one third shorter than the thin flowering glume and than those of the rudiment; awn borne much below the middle of the glume, somewhat surpassing it; grain glabrous. (Deyeuxia confinis, Kunth.)—Swamps, N. and W. New York (especially Penn Yan, Sartwell) and Penn.; Minn., and westward. July.
6. C. Nuttalliàna, Steud. Culm stout (3–5° high); panicle contracted and spike-like; glumes lanceolate and tapering into slender awl-shaped tips, 3´´ long; hairs on the lower side scanty and barely half the length of the firm and keeled flowering glume, on the other side longer and equalling the copious tuft on the summit of the rudiment; awn borne half-way between the middle and the tapering tip of the glume, stout, not twisted; grain bearded at the top. (Deyeuxia Nuttalliana, Vasey.)—Moist grounds, E. New Eng. to Penn., Va., and southward. Aug.
7. C. Pórteri, Gray. Culm slender (2–4° high); a woolly-bearded ring at the junction of the broadly linear leaves with the sheath; panicle long and narrow, with the branches appressed; glumes lanceolate, acute, pale, 2–2½´´ long; hairs of the flower and of the short rudiment scanty, and both reaching about to the middle of the flower behind the palet, but very short or none at the base of the firm-membranaceous flowering glume, which bears near its base a twisted awn of its own length. (Deyeuxia Porteri, Vasey.)—Dry woods, Pulpit Rocks and vicinity, Huntingdon Co., Penn., Prof. T. C. Porter.
8. C. Pickeríngii, Gray. Culm 1–1½° high; leaves short; panicle pyramidal, purplish; glumes ovate-oblong, bluntish or bluntly pointed (1½–2´´ long); hairs both of the flower and of the rudiment very short and scanty, one fourth or fifth the length of the flower, none behind the obtuse flowering glume, which bears between its middle and base a short stout (straight or bent, not twisted) awn. (Deyeuxia Pickeringii, Vasey.)—White Mts., in the alpine region of Mt. Washington, and a more luxuriant form with smaller spikelets at Echo Lake, Franconia; Andover, Mass. (J. Robinson); Cape Breton.
§ 2. CALAMOVÍLFA. Rudiment of second flower wanting; glumes and palet rather chartaceous, compressed-keeled; flowering glume 1-nerved, entirely awnless; palet strongly 2-keeled; panicle at length open and loose.
9. C. brevípilis, Gray. Branches of the diffuse pyramidal panicle capillary (purplish); empty glumes orate, mucronate; the upper slightly, the lower nearly one half shorter than the flowering glume and palet, which are more than twice the length of the hairs and bristly-bearded along the keels. (Ammophila brevipilis, Benth.)—Sandy swamps, pine-barrens of N. J.; rare. Sept.—Culm 2–4° high; leaves nearly flat; spikelets 2´´ long.
10. C. longifòlia, Hook. Culm (1–4° high) stout, from thick running rootstocks; leaves rigid, elongated, involute above and tapering into a long thread-like point; panicle at first close, becoming open and pyramidal, the branches smooth; glumes lanceolate, the upper as long as the flower, the lower ¼ shorter; the copious hairs more than half the length of the naked flower. (Ammophila longifolia, Benth.)—Sands, along the upper Great Lakes, from Ill. and Mich. to Dak., Kan., and westward. Aug.—Spikelets 2½–3´´ long.
34. AMMÓPHILA, Host. ([Pl. 16.])
Spikelets large, in a contracted spike-like panicle, 1-flowered, with a pedicel-like rudiment of a second flower (plumose above), the flower hairy-tufted at base. Empty glumes scarious-chartaceous, lanceolate, compressed-keeled, nearly equal; flowering glume and palet similar, a little shorter, the glume 5-nerved, slightly mucronate or obscurely awned near the tip, the palet 2-keeled.—A coarse perennial maritime species, with running rootstocks. (Name from ἄμμος, sand, and φιλέω, to love.)
1. A. arundinàcea, Host. (Sea Sand-Reed.) Culm stout and rigid (2–3° high) from firm running rootstocks; leaves long, soon involute; panicle contracted into a dense cylindrical spike (5–9´ long); spikelets 5–6´´ long; hairs only one third of the length of the flower. (Calamagrostis arenaria, Roth.)—Sandy beaches, N. J. to Maine and northward, and on the Great Lakes. Aug. (Eu.)