Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, ovate, emarginate; underleaves connate with the leaves, ovate or lanceolate, 1-toothed at base. Diœcious. Fruit on short shoots from the axils of the underleaves, finally sublateral. Involucral leaves 2 or 4. Perianth terete, the lower half thickened. Calyptra fleshy, confluent with the perianth for {2/3} its length. Capsule oval. Antheridia 1 or 2 in the axils of bracts terminal on slender branches. (Name from ἅρπη a sickle, and ἄνθος, flower.)
1. H. scutàtus, Spruce. Stems filiform, decumbent, usually simple; leaves smaller at the base and apex of the stems, roundish-ovate, concave, sharply bidentate, the apex lunate or acute; underleaves large, acuminate, involucral leaves two, 2–3-cleft, the upper adnate to the perianth; perianth ovate, becoming obovate, obscurely 3–4-plicate, splitting above on one side; capsule deep brown. (Jungermannia scutata, Weber.)—On rotten logs in damp places; common. (Eu.)
H. Flotoviànus, Nees. ([Pl. 23.]) Stems flexuous, procumbent, mostly unbranched; leaves ovate-orbicular, horizontal, the apex contracted and emarginate with a shallow sinus; underleaves large, ovate or lanceolate, obliquely inserted, entire or more often toothed on one or both sides near the middle; diœcious; perianth subcylindric, slightly sickle-shaped, the mouth pointed at first, notched on one side and finally crenulate; antheridia elliptic, single in the base of swollen leaves. (Pleuranthe olivacea, Tayl.)—"North America" (Drummond), but not collected recently; certainly extralimital.
23. LIOCHLÆ̀NA, Nees. ([Pl. 25.])
Leaves succubous, ovate-oblong, entire or slightly retuse; underleaves none. Diœcious or monœcious. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, like the cauline; perianth pyriform, becoming cylindric, incurved, abruptly rounded at the summit, the minute orifice prominently ciliolate. Capsule oblong, long-exserted. Elaters attached to the middle of the valves. Spores minute, globose. Antheridia in the axils of ordinary leaves. Archegonia 5–12. (Name from ληῖος, smooth, and χλαῖνα, a cloak, referring to the perianth.)
1. L. lanceolàta, Nees. Closely creeping, branched; leaves sometimes decurrent; involucral leaves vertical; perianth at right angles with the stem; monœcious.—On banks and rotten logs; not rare. (Eu.)
24. JUNGERMÁNNIA, Micheli. ([Pl. 25.])
Leaves succubous, rarely subtransverse, entire, lobed or dentate, the margins never recurved; underleaves present or none. Diœcious or monœcious. Fruit terminal. Involucral leaves 4 or fewer, like the cauline or more incised, free; perianth laterally compressed or terete, usually 3–10-carinate, the usually small mouth entire or toothed. Calyptra oval-pyriform. Capsule globose or oblong, rarely cylindric. Spores minute, smooth or roughish. Archegonia 8–70. (Named for L. Jungermann, a German botanist of the 17th century.)
§ 1. JUNGERMANNIA proper. Leaves orbicular or ovate, entire or barely retuse; underleaves none (very small in n. 1).
1. J. Schràderi, Martius. ([Pl. 25.]) Creeping, flexuous; leaves round-elliptic, entire, ascending; underleaves broadly subulate, not apparent on old stems; involucral leaves large, elongated, the inner smaller and more or less laciniate; perianth oval-obovate, ascending.—On the ground and rotten logs; common. (Eu.)