2. A. punctàtus, L. Thallus small, depressed, or often cespitose and erect, more or less glandular; monœcious; involucre rather short, oblong-linear, slightly repand, sometimes scarious at the mouth; capsule 1´ high, black; elaters fuscous, flattish, geniculate; spores black, strongly muriculate, sharply angled.—Wet banks, Canada to Mo., and southward. (Eu.)
2. NOTOTHỲLAS, Sulliv. ([Pl. 22.])
Thallus orbicular, tender, laciniate and undulate or crisped, papillose-reticulate. Monœcious. Involucre sessile, continuous with the thallus, opening irregularly above. Capsule very short, oblong-globose or ovate-cylindric, pedicelled from a thickened bulb, 2-valved to the middle or rupturing irregularly. Elaters none, or fragmentary and inconspicuous. Spores subglobose, smoothish. Antheridia elliptic-globose, immersed in the thallus. (Name from νῶτος, the back, and θυλάς, a bag, from the shape and position of the involucre.)
1. N. orbiculàris, Sulliv. ([Pl. 22.]) Thallus 3–8´´ wide; capsules 1–2´´ long, erect or decurved, wholly included or slightly exserted, of thin and loose texture, with a suture on each side; spores light yellowish-brown. (Including N. valvata, Sulliv.)—Wet places, Canada to the Gulf.
2. N. melanóspora, Sulliv. Thallus small, depressed or sometimes cespitose, of lax texture; capsule often without sutures; spores dark brown, a half larger.—Moist ground, Ohio (Sullivant).
Order 139. MARCHANTIÀCEÆ. Liverworts.
Plant-body a thallus, dichotomous or subpalmately branching, usually innovating from the apex or beneath it, more or less thickened in the middle, and bearing numerous rootlets beneath and usually colored or imbricating scales. Epidermis usually more or less distinct and strongly porose above. Capsules globose, rarely oval, opening irregularly, pendent from the under side of a peduncled disk-like receptacle (carpocephalum). Elaters present, mostly 2-spiral.
[*] Thallus plainly costate, distinctly porose except in n. 6.
[+] Gemmæ present on sterile stems.
1. Marchantia. Gemmæ in cup-shaped receptacles. Fertile receptacle 7–11-rayed.