[18] The posts and telegraphs in Portugal yield the State a steady yearly surplus of several hundred contos.
[19] See Joaquim de Vasconcellos, A Ceramica portuguesa. Porto, 1894. In 1905 the export of azulejos was 53 tons (of which 37 went to Brazil).
[20] In an old chronicle a British force having landed to help a Portuguese army in the siege of a town, one of the besiegers, to inform the besieged of the fact, asks sarcastically if they are in need of cloth from England.
[21] Commerce is not more flourishing than industry. The percentage of merchant ships entering the Tagus has recently (i.e., just before the war) been given as follows: 34 German, 33 British, 9 French, 9 Dutch, 7 Portuguese, and 8 of other nations.
[22] Some English wine companies at Oporto date from the seventeenth century.
[23] An acre of vines may cost about £35 to plant, and will not really repay the planter till after its sixth year.
[24] The cork is exported partly in a raw state, owing to the higher Customs duty on manufactured cork in Germany and some other countries. In Alemtejo it is so common that it is used to make articles of the most various kinds, taking the place of wood or tin.
[25] Joaquim José Ventura da Silva: Descripção topografica da nobilissima cidade de Lisboa. Lisboa, 1835.
[26] Memoria sobre Chafarizes, Bicas, Fontes e Poços publicos. Lisboa, 1851.
[27] By the Rev. William Bradford (London, 1814).