[104] Dionis, op. cit. [note [97]], page 587 and figure 57 on page 583.
[105] Knox, op. cit. [note [2]], page 33.
[106] John H. Savigny, A Collection of Engravings representing the Most Modern and Approved Instruments Used in the Practice of Surgery (London, 1798), plate 7. For the earlier grease lamp, see J. A. Brambilla, Instrumentarium Chirurgicum Viennense oder Wiennerliche Chirurgische Instrumenten Sammlung (Vienna, 1780), plate 2.
[107] Bayfield, op. cit. [note [87]], page 123; Knox, op. cit. [note [2]], page 33; Hills, op. cit. [note [101]], page 263.
[108] See Dionis, op. cit. [note [97]], page 587 and figure 58 on page 583; and Laurence Heister, op. cit. [note [47]], page 329 and plate 12. The parallel incisions were described in antiquity by Oribasius (ca. A.D. 360), the most important medical author after Galen and the friend of the emperor Julian. See Gurlt, op. cit. [note [1]], volume 3, page 563.
[109] Ambroise Paré, The Collected Works of Ambroise Paré, translated by Thomas Johnson (London, 1634). Reprint edition (Pound Ridge, New York: Milford House, 1968), page 446. The drawing first appeared in Paré’s treatise “Methode de traiter des playes de la teste” in 1561.
[110] Paulus Aegineta, Medicinae Totius enchiridion (Basileae, 1541), page 460.
[111] Albert Wilhelm Hermann Seerig, Armamentarium chirurgicum oder möglichst vollständige Sammlung von Abbildungen und Beschreibung Chirurgischer Instrument alterer und neuerer Zeit (Breslau, 1838), page 598.
[112] Jacques Delechemps, Chirurgie Françoise Recueillie (Lyon, 1564, page 174); Hellkiah Crooke. Micrographia: A Description of the Body of Men ... with an Explanation of the Fashion and Use of Three & Fifty Instruments of Chirurgy (London, 1631).