4. AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA.


Countries.
Census
Year.
Males.
Females.
Population. 		Females
for
Every
1,000
Men.
Australia, New Zealand (1890) and Tasmania1891 2,059,594 1,772,472 3,832,066 861
Fiji Islands1890 67,902 57,780 125,682 851
French Possessions (Tahiti, Marquesas, etc.)1889 11,589 10,293 21,882 888
Hawaii1890 58,714 31,276 89,990 533
——————————————————————————————————————
Total 2,197,799 1,871,821 4,069,620 852

5. AFRICA.


Countries.
Census
Year.
Males.
Females.
Population. 		Females
for
Every
1,000
Men.
Egypt1882 3,401,498 3,415,767 6,817,2651,004
Algeria (minus Sahara)1886 2,014,013 1,791,671 3,805,684 889
Senegal1889 70,504 76,014 146,5181,078
Gambia1881 7,215 6,935 14,150 961
Sierra Leone1881 31,201 29,345 60,546 940
Lagos1881 37,665 39,605 75,270 998
St. Helena1881 2,020 2,202 4,2221,090
Capeland1890 766,598 759,141 1,525,739 990
Natal1890 268,062 275,851 543,9131,029
Orange Free State:
White1890 40,571 37,145 77,716 915
Black1890 67,791 61,996 129,787 914
Republic:
White1890 66,498 52,630 119,128 791
Black1890 115,589 144,045 259,6341,246
Reunion1889 94,430 71,485 165,915 757
Mayotte1889 6,761 5,509 12,270 815
St. Marie de Madagascar1888 3,648 4,019 7,6671,102
——————————————————————————————————————
Total 6,994,064 6,771,360 13,765,424[93] 968

Probably the result of this presentation will be astonishing to many. With the exception of Europe, where, on an average, there are 1,024 women to every 1,000 men, the reverse is the case everywhere else. If it is further considered that in the foreign divisions of the earth, and even there where actual enumeration was had, information upon the female sex is particularly defective—a fact that must be presumed with regard to all the countries of Mohammedan population, where the figures for the female population are probably below the reality—it stands pat that, apart from a few European nations, the female sex nowhere tangibly exceeds the male. It is otherwise in Europe, the country that interests us most. Here, with the exception of Italy and the southeast territories of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Servia, Bulgaria, Roumania and Greece, the female population is everywhere more strongly represented than the male. Of the large European countries, the disproportion is slightest in France—1,002 females to every 1,000 males; next in order is Russia, with 1,009 females to every 1,000 males. On the other hand, Portugal, Norway and Poland, with 1,076 females to every 1,000 males, present the strongest disproportion. Next to these stands Great Britain,—1,060 females to every 1,000 males. Germany and Austria lie in the middle: they have, respectively, 1,039 and 1,047 females to every 1,000 males.

In the German Empire, the excess of the female over the male population, according to the census of December 1, 1890, was 957,400, against 988,376, according to the census of December 1, 1885. A principal cause of this disproportion is emigration, inasmuch as by far more men emigrate than women. This is clearly brought out by the opposite pole of Germany, the North American Union, which has about as large a deficit in women as Germany has a surplus. The United States is the principal country for European emigration, and this is mainly made up of males. A second cause is the larger number of accidents to men than to women in agriculture, the trades, the industries and transportation. Furthermore, there are more males than females temporarily abroad,—merchants, seamen, marines, etc. All this transpires clearly from the figures on the conjugal status. In 1890 there were 8,372,486 married men to 8,398,607 married women in Germany, i. e., 26,121 more of the latter. Another phenomenon, that statistics establish and that weigh heavily in the scales, is that, on an average, women reach a higher age than men: at the more advanced ages there are more women than men. According to the census of 1890 the relation of ages among the two sexes were these: