The surplus of women that Germany owns is very unevenly distributed in point of territories and age. According to the census of 1890, it stood:—[98]

To Every 1,000 Males, Females of
the Age of
Divisions.Under 15.15-40.40-60.Over 60.
Berlin1,0141,0561,1081,666
Kingdom of Saxony1,0201,0321,1121,326
Kingdom of Bavaria, on the right of the Rhine1,0221,0401,0811,155
On the left of the Rhine 9861,0241,0651,175
Wurtemberg1,0211,0761,1351,175
Baden1,0061,0271,0991,175
Hamburg1,003 9671,0421,522
Province of Brandenburg 986 9811,0851,261
Province of Pommern 9841,0531,1261,191
Province of Rhineland 984 9901,0101,087
————————————————————
German Empire 9951,0271,0941,196

Accordingly, of marriageable age proper, 15-40, the surplus of women in the German Empire amounts to 27 women to every 1,000 men. Seeing that, within these age periods, there are 9,429,720 male to 9,682,454 female inhabitants, there is a total female surplus of 252,734. In the same four age periods, the proportion of the sexes in other countries of Europe and outside of Europe stood as follows:—[99]

To Every 1,000 Males, Females of
the Age of

Countries.
Under 15.
15-40.
40-60.		60 and
Over.
Belgium (1890) 992 9841,0181,117
Bulgaria (1888) 9501,068 837 947
Denmark (1890) 9781,0801,0731,179
France (1886) 9891,0031,0061,063
England and Wales (1891)1,0061,0751,0961,227
Scotland (1891) 9731,0731,1651,389
Ireland (1891) 9661,0361,1091,068
Italy (1881) 9631,0211,005 980
Luxemburg (1891) 996 9971,0041,042
Holland (1889) 9901,0221,0351,154
Austria (1890)1,0051,0461,0791,130
Hungary (1890)1,0011,040 9961,000
Sweden (1890) 9751,0621,1401,242
Switzerland (1888) 9991,0591,1031,148
Japan (1891) 978 962 9511,146
Cape of Good Hope (1891) 9891,008 9391,019

It is seen that all countries of the same or similar economic structure reveal the identical conditions with regard to the distribution of the sexes according to ages. According thereto, and apart from all other causes already mentioned, a considerable number of women have in such countries no prospect of entering wedded life. The number of unmarried women is even still larger, because a large number of men prefer, for all sorts of reasons, to remain single. What say hereto those superficial folks, who oppose the endeavor of women after a more independent, equal-righted position in life, and who refer them to marriage and domestic life? The blame does not lie with the women that so many of them do not marry; and how matters stand with "conjugal happiness" has been sufficiently depicted.

What becomes of the victims of our social conditions? The resentment of insulted and injured Nature expresses itself in the peculiar facial lines and characteristics whereby so-called old maids, the same as old ascetic bachelors, stamp themselves different from other human beings in all countries and all climates; and it gives testimony of the mighty and harmful effect of suppressed natural love. Nymphomania with women, and numerous kinds of hysteria, have their origin in that source; and also discontent in married life produces attacks of hysteria, and is responsible for barrenness.

Such, in main outlines, is our modern married life and its effects. The conclusion is: Modern marriage is an institution that is closely connected with the existing social condition, and stands or falls with it. But this marriage is in the course of dissolution and decay, exactly as capitalist society itself,—because, as demonstrated under the several heads on the subject of marriage:

1. Relatively, the number of births declines, although population increases on the whole,—showing that the condition of the family deteriorates.

2. Actions for divorce increase in numbers, considerably more than does population, and, in the majority of cases, the plaintiffs are women, although, both economically and socially, they are the greatest sufferers thereunder,—showing that the unfavorable factors, that operate upon marriage, are on the increase, and marriage, accordingly, is dissolving and falling to pieces.