Technique of Pompeian painting: Donner, Die erhaltenen antiken Wandmalereien in technischer Beziehung, printed as an introduction to Helbig's Wandgemälde (see [Chap. LV].), pp. I—CXXVII; Mau, Geschichte der decorativen Wandmalerei in Pompeji (Berlin, 1882; with atlas of 20 plates).
Specimen illustrations: Many entire walls as well as single paintings are reproduced in color in the extensive works by Zahn, Die schönsten Ornamente und merkwürdigsten Gemälde aus Pompeji, Herkulanum und Stabiae, nebst einigen Grundrissen und Ansichten (Mit deutschem und französischem Text. Drei Abtheilungen in 30 Heften, 302 Tafeln. Berlin, 1827-1859); and Niccolini, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei designati e descritti (Naples, 1854-1901). Both works are rarely found complete, and the plates of the second in particular leave much to be desired in respect to drawing as well as coloring; it has therefore been thought best not to encumber these notes with detailed references to them. A number of walls are shown also by Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi (8 vols., Paris, 1840), vol. 1 (108 plates), and by D'Amelio, Dipinti Murali di Pompei, Naples, 1888. Professor Mau has in preparation a new work on wall decoration which will be illustrated by colored plates similar to those in the atlas to his Wandmalerei. The sources of the illustrations in this and the following chapter are given in our List of Illustrations, [p. xxv.]
Preparation of the wall [[p. 456]]: Vitr. VII. III; cf. also Middleton, The Remains of Ancient Rome (2 vols. London, 1892), vol. 1, pp. 91-103.
Decoration of the house of Lucretius [[p. 457]]: see references on [p. 528].
The four styles of decoration [[p. 457]]: suggestive critical comments by Wickhoff, Roman Art (English trans. by Mrs. S. Arthur Strong, London, 1900), pp. 117 ff.; but see the review of the German original by Mau, Röm. Mitth., vol. 10 (1895), pp. 227-235.
Decoration of the second style in Rome [[p. 462]]—house of Germanicus on the Palatine: Mau, Due pareti d'una stanza sul Palatino, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 52 (1880), pp. 136-149, and Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 11, pl. 22-23; Mau, Geschichte der dec. Wandmalerei, pp. 196-205 and pl. 9. House in the Farnesina garden: Not. d. Scavi, 1879, pp. 15, 40, 68, 114, 141, 179-180, 267, 314, 333, 1880, pp. 32, 127-128, 138-140, and pl. 4 (plan); Mau, Parete dipinta della casa antica scoperta nel giardino della Farnesina, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 54 (1882), pp. 301-308; Hülsen, Fregio dipinta nella casa antica scoperta nel giardino della Farnesina, ibid., pp. 309-314; Mau, Pitture della casa antica scoperta nella villa Farnesina, Ann. dell' Inst., vol. 56 (1884), pp. 307-322, vol. 57 (1885), pp. 302-318; Mon. dell' Inst., vol. 11, pl. 44-48, vol. 12, pl. 5, 5 a, 7, 7 a, 8, 17-34; Supplemento (1891), pl. 32-36; especially Lessing and Mau, Wand- und Deckenschmuck eines römischen Hauses aus der Zeit des Augustus (Berlin, 1891; with 16 plates from the same blocks as those in the Mon. dell' Inst.); Helbig, Führer durch die Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom, vol. 2, pp. 226-223, nos. 1107-1108, 1119-1122, 1124, 1129-1136, 1141-1144, 1146-1148, 1151.
[CHAPTER LV.] THE PAINTINGS
Of the paintings in general: the paintings discovered prior to 1868 are described, with references to the literature, by W. Helbig, Wandgemälde der vom Vesuv verschütteten Städte Campaniens (Nebst einer Abhandlung über die antiken Wandmalereien in Technischer Beziehung, von Otto Donner, Leipzig, 1868); those discovered after the publication of Helbig's work and before 1880, by Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane scoverte negli anni 1867-1879 (supplemento all' opera dell' Helbig, Naples, 1879. Published also in the volume, Pompei e la regione sotterrata dal Vesuvio, for which see p. 513); those that have come to light since 1879 are described by Mau in his reports (see [note to Chap. IV]) and in the Notizie degli scavi; cf. also Helbig, Untersuchungen über die campanische Wandmalerei (Leipzig, 1873). Besides the reproductions of paintings by Zahn and Niccolini mentioned above ([p. 544]), the more important examples are published in the Real Museo Borbonico (see Index at the end of vol. 16, pp. 37-58); Roux, Herculanum et Pompéi, vols. 1-5 (Paris, 1840); Rochette, Choix de peintures de Pompéi, la plupart de sujet historique (lithographiées en couleur par M. Roux, et publiées ... par M. Raoul-Rochette; 7 livraisons in fol., Paris, 1844-1853, incomplete); Presuhn, Pompeji, Die neuesten Ausgrabungen von 1874 bis 1881 (Edit. 2, Leipzig, 1882; 80 chromolithograph plates); and in other works the titles of which are easily accessible in Furchheim's Bibliografia. The colored plates presented by Niccolini, Arte Pompeiana Monumenti scelti (a selection of 55 plates from the larger work, Naples, 1888), give a false idea of the paintings reproduced.
No evidence of development in composition or technique [[p. 471]]: cf. Wickhoff, Roman Art, pp. 139 ff.
Hercules and Antaeus [[p. 472]]: Bull. dell' Inst., 1876, p. 101; Sogliano, Le pitture murali Campane, no. 495.