[256] [Eng. ed. It was mentioned in the German edition of this work that in the spring of 1876 a female Amblystoma of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris had laid eggs (see Blanchard in the Compt. Rend. 1876, No. 13, p. 716). Whether these eggs were fertile, or whether they developed was not then made known. Thus much was however at the time clear, that even if this had been the case, the reproduction of this Amblystoma would have been only an exceptional occurrence. At that time there were in the Jardin des Plantes Amblystomas which had been kept for more than ten years, and only on one occasion was there a deposition of eggs, and this by only one specimen. That I was correct in speaking of the “sterility” of these Amblystomas in spite of this one exception, is proved by the latest communication from the Jardin des Plantes. We learn from this (Compt. Rend. No. 14, July, 1879, p. 108) that in the years 1877 and 1878 none of the Amblystomas laid any more eggs, although all means were exerted to bring about propagation. In April, 1879, eggs were again laid by one female, and by a second in May. These eggs certainly developed, as did those of 1876, and produced tadpoles. These Amblystomas are therefore not absolutely, but indeed relatively sterile. Whilst the Axolotl propagates regularly and freely every year, this occurs with the Amblystoma but rarely and sparsely. The degree of their sterility can only be approximately established when we know the number of Amblystomas that have since been kept in the Jardin des Plantes. Unfortunately nothing has been said with respect to this.]
[257] Origin of Species, 6th ed. p. 252.
[258] In plants also reversion forms show sterility in different degrees. Mr. Darwin has called my attention to the fact that the peloric (symmetrical) flowers which occasionally appear as atavistic forms in Corydalis solida are partly sterile and partly fertile. That in other causes of sterility, and above all by bastardizing, the reproductive power is lost in the most varying degrees, has been known since the celebrated observations of Kölreuter and Gärtner. [Eng. ed. An Orchid (Catasetum tridentatum) has the sexes separate, and the male flowers (Myanthus barbatus) differ considerably from the female (Monachanthus viridis); besides these, there occurs a form with bisexual flowers which must be considered as a reversion (Cat. tridentatum) and this is always sterile. Darwin, “Fertilization of Orchids,” 2nd ed. p. 199.]
[259] As we do not know the origin of the “Paris Axolotl” I must restrict myself in the following remarks to Siredon Mexicanus (Shaw).
[260] Mühlenpfordt, “Versuch einer getreuen Schilderung der Republik Mejico,” Hanover, 1844, vol. ii. p. 252.
[261] [The specific gravity of sea water (Atlantic), according to the determinations of Mr. Buchanan on board the “Challenger,” at 15.56° C. varies from 1.0278 to 1.0240. That of the water of the Dead Sea is 1.17205.—Watts’ “Dict. of Chemistry,” vol. v., table, p. 1017. R.M.]
[262] Loc. cit. p. 252.
[263] “Über die specifische Verschiedenheit des gefleckten und des schwarzen Erdsalamanders oder Molchs, und der höchst merkwürdigen, ganz eigenthümlichen Fortpflanzungsweise des Letzteren.” Isis, Jahrg. 1833, p. 527.
[264] The experiments referred to have not been made known; I am indebted for them to a written communication kindly furnished by an esteemed colleague.
[265] See Mühlenpfordt’s work already quoted, vol. i.