[124] The battle of Fontenay was gained by Charles the Bald and Louis the German over their elder brother Lothaire. The latter was totally defeated, and the old Frankish or Teutonic nobility who supported him were all but entirely destroyed. From this time the Gallo-Roman element began to prevail in France over the German, and the treaty shortly afterwards renewed between Charles and Louis at Strasburg, is the first instance on record of the vernacular dialects being employed on any solemn occasion. Louis as king of the Germans, swore to the treaty in the Romance language, now formally recognised as the language of France while the French king took his oath in Tudesque, or German. On that day, France and Germany may be said to have first assumed their distinct nationalities. The Romance or Rustic Latin became the language of France, though this afterwards separated into two branches, that spoken in the northern provinces, which was more largely mingled with Germanic idioms, and which was known as the Langue d’oyl, or d’oui and the softer dialect of the south, which was called the Langue d’oc. Later on, the Italian Romance became distinct from either of these, and is sometimes spoken of as the Langue de si.
[125] Footnote: Hallam, Middle Ages, chap. i. part 1.
[126] Acta SS. Ben. Vita S. Anscharii.
[127] Odericus Vitalis, B. vi. ch. 10.
[128] Analect. tom. i. 426.
[129] Gesta Epis. Leod. cap. 25.
[130] Fleury observes that by the “Dialectics of St. Augustine” is supposed to be meant the treatise of the ten categories, attributed to St. Augustine from the time of Alcuin.
[131] D’Achery, Spic. t. i. 372.
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