To multiply this by 8, multiply each of these parts by 8 (50) and (52), which will give
8 thousands, 24 hundreds, 48 tens, and 64 units.
| Now | 64 units are written thus | 64 |
| 48 tens | 480 | |
| 24 hundreds | 2400 | |
| 8 thousands | 8000 |
Add these together, which gives 10944 as the product of 1368 and 8, or 1368 × 8 = 10944. By working a few examples in this way you will see for following rule.
59. I. Multiply the first figure of the multiplicand by the multiplier, write down the units’ figure, and reserve the tens.
II. Do the same with the second figure of the multiplicand, and add to the product the number of tens from the first; put down the units’ figure of this, and reserve the tens.
III. Proceed in this way till you come to the last figure, and then write down the whole number obtained from that figure.
IV. If there be a cipher in the multiplicand, treat it as if it were a number, observing that 0 × 1 = 0, 0 × 2 = 0, &c.
60. In a similar way a number can be multiplied by a figure which is accompanied by ciphers, as, for example, 8000. For 8000 is 8 × 1000, and therefore (55) you must first multiply by 8 and then by 1000, which last operation (57) is done by placing 3 ciphers on the right. Hence the rule in this case is, multiply by the simple number, and place the number of ciphers which follow it at the right of the product.
EXAMPLE.