[96] Owen, Comp. Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrates (1846), vol. ii. 1. p.
[97] Klemm, l. c., p. 31 (‘die Schwanzstachel eines Roches,’ i.e. ‘the caudal spine of a ray.’—Ed.).
[98] Wilson, Prehistoric Man (London, 1862), vol. i. p. 146.
[99] Cuming, Journal of the Archaeological Association, vol. iii. p. 26.
[100] The probability of the aboriginal man having derived his first lessons from this source may be judged of by the accounts given by travellers of the effects produced by the large thorns of trees in South Africa, of which there is a good account in Routledge’s Natural History of Man, by Rev. J. G. Wood (1868-70), vol. i. p. 235. Large animals are said to be frequently destroyed, and even to have impaled themselves, upon the large, strong spines of the thorny Acacia. Throughout Central Africa a pair of tweezers for extracting thorns is an indispensable requisite in the equipment of every native.
[101] Beechey, Voyage to the Pacific (London, 1831), vol. i. pp. 47-8.
[102] Strabo, p. 155.
[103] Ellis, Polynesian Researches (London, 1829), vol. i. chap. viii.
[104] Clapperton, Travels, p. 58.
[105] I exclude from this category all nippers, cross-bills, and prehensile implements.