[215] I have been enabled to take drawings of these celts in the British Museum, through the kind permission of Mr. A. W. Franks.
[216] The forms included in Classes D, E, F, and G, are commonly known under the name of paalstab or palstave, a word of Scandinavian origin, said to have designated the weapons employed by some northern tribes for battering the shields of their enemies. Iron implements like the Irish loy, and called paalstabs, are still used in Iceland, either for digging in the ground or breaking the ice.—Catalogue of the Museum of the R. I. Academy, ‘Bronze,’ p. 361.
[217] Lubbock, Prehistoric Times (1869), p. 9.
[218] Read in 1869, published in Archaeologia, xliii. p. 443: for Plumpton Plain, see Sussex Arch. Coll. ii. p. 268: for Arras, Arch. Journ. xviii. p. 156.
[219] A Paper read at the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland on December 22, 1874, and published in the Journal of the Institute, vol. iv (1875), pp. 399-435. (N.B.—This paper was not furnished by the author with either plates or references. The latter have been supplied, so far as possible, on pp. [229] ff.: for illustrations, reference should be made to the section on Navigation in the Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford.—Ed.)
[220] (The Catalogue of the Anthropological Collection lent by Col. Lane Fox to Bethnal Green Museum (London, 1874, parts i and ii) only contains ‘Weapons’; part iii was never issued.—Ed.)
[221] Notes and Queries on Anthropology, for the Use of Travellers and Residents in Uncivilized Lands, drawn up by a Committee appointed by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1874); 3rd edition, 1899, published by the Anthropological Institute, 3 Hanover Square, W.
[222] ‘Primitive Warfare,’ pp. [127-30], [148-51], above.
[223] Address to the Anthropological Department at the Brighton meeting of the British Association, 1872. Report Brit. Assoc. (London, 1873), p. 161.
[224] Since writing this I have seen the illustration in Sir H. Rawlinson’s note to this passage, in which he gives it as his opinion that this is the meaning and use to be ascribed to these pins; and he says that this system is still employed in Egypt, where they raise an extra bulwark above the gunwale. Rawlinson, Herodotus (1862), vol. ii. p. 132.