Old Crosses and Lychgates

by Aymer Vallance

CHAPTER		PAGE
I.	INTRODUCTION	[1]
II.	MONOLITH CROSSES	[27]
III.	THE SHAFT-ON-STEPS TYPE	[42]
IV.	SPIRE-SHAPED OR ELEANOR CROSSES	[94]
V.	PREACHING CROSSES	[113]
VI.	MARKET CROSSES	[125]
VII.	UNCLASSIFIED VARIETIES	[158]
VIII.	LYCHGATES	[164]
	Bibliography	[191]
	Index	[195]

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TOPOGRAPHICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED

CHAPTERS I. to VII.—CROSSES
Subject.	Source.	Illus– tration No.		Page Referred to in Text.
Aldborough	Photo, Frith & Co.	[193]		[158]
Alphington	Del., J. Buckler	[199]		[161]
Ampney Crucis do. do.	Photo, Rev. F. Sumner do. Rev. F. R. P. Sumner do. F. T. S. Houghton	[97] [98] [99]		[50]
Axbridge	Gentleman's Magazine	[148]		[128]
Bakewell	Engraving by F. L. Chantrey, R.A.	[39]		[32]
Bedale	Photo, Frith & Co.	[119]		[54]
Bewcastle do. do.	do. Gibson & Sons do. do. do. do. do. do.	[3] [25] [26]		[32]
Bingley	do. Frith & Co.	[182]		[125]
Bisley	do. do.	[197]		[163]
Bishop's Lydeard	do. Dr F. J. Allen	[20]		[42], [44], [46]
Blakemere	Del., J. Buckler	[15]		[13]
Blanchland Abbey	Photo, Gibson & Sons	[44]		[41]
Bleadon	do. Dr F. J. Allen	[89]		[48]
Bonsall	do. Frith & Co.	[120]		[54]
Bristol	Engraving by S. and N. Buck, 1734	[9]		[123]
Brigstock	Photo, B.T.B.	[122]		[54]
Bungay	do. do.	[187]		[157]
Castle Combe do. do. do.	Del., J. Buckler Photo, Frith & Co. Del., W. G. Allen do. do.	[173] [174] [175] [176]		[157]
Carlton	Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[63]		[43]
Charlton Mackerel	Photo, Frith & Co.	[19]		[42], [44]
Charing Cross, nr. London do. do. do. do.	Engraving by Ralph Agas, 1792, Crace Collection, British Museum Crowle Pennant Collection, British Museum Crace Collection, British Museum	[135] [136] [137]		[108]
Cheadle	Photo, W. Watson	[35]		[37]
Cheapside Crosses, London do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.	Photo, B.T.B., Guildhall Museum do. do. do. Water Colour Drawing at Society of Antiquaries, after Mural Painting at Cowdray Drawing in Pepysian Library, Cambridge Photo, G. Clinch, from Contemporary Woodcut	[130] [131] [132] [133] [134]		[102]
Cheddar	do. Frith & Co.	[165]		[146]
Cheshunt, Waltham do. do.	Vetusta Monumenta Del., J. Buckler Vetusta Monumenta	[127] [128] [129]		[95], [101]
Chester, High	Pen Drawing by Randle Holme, Harleian MSS. 2073, British Museum	[24]		[24], [158]
Chichester do. do. do.	Del., J. Coney (lent by F. H. Crossley) Photo, J. Valentine Print, Victoria and Albert Museum do. do. do.	[11] [161] [162] [163]		[137]
Child's Wickham	Photo, B.T.B.	[7]		[54]
Coventry	Dugdale's Warwickshire	[8]		[111]
Cricklade Churchyard do. Town Cross	Photo, Rev. F. R. P. Sumner do. Rev. F. Sumner	[116] [117]		[54]
Croxden	Del., J. Buckler	[88]		[47]
Crowcombe	Photochrom Co.	[118]		[46], [54]
Cumnor	Del., J. Buckler	[59]		[43]
Derwen do. do.	Photo, Aymer Vallance do. do. do. do.	[110] [111] [112]		[52]
Doncaster	Vetusta Monumenta	[191]		[158]
Dorchester	Del., J. Buckler	[65]		[44]
Doulting do. do.	Dr F. J. Allen do. do. do. do.	[74] [75] [76]		[43], [44]
Drayton	Del., J. Buckler	[54]		[46]
Dundry	do. J. K. Colling	[78]		[43]
Dunster	Photo, J. Valentine	[177]		[156]
Elstow	Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[194]		[158]
Eyam do.	Photo, J. Valentine do. do.	[27] [28]		[32]
Eynsham	Del., J. Buckler, 1820	[50]		[45]
Fletton do.	Print, Victoria and Albert Museum do. do. do.	[40] [41]		[37]
Geddington do.	Vetusta Monumenta Photochrom Co.	[124] [125]		[95], [96]
Glastonbury	Hearne's Antiquities	[164]		[138]
Gloucester	Vetusta Monumenta	[138]		[108]
Gosforth	Lysons' Magna Britannia	[33]		[34]
Great Malvern	Photo, Frith & Co.	[16]		[13]
do. Grimsby	Del., J. Buckler	[49]		[45]
Halesowen	Photo, F. T. S. Houghton	[82]		[47]
Hardley	Knight's Norfolk Antiquities, 1892	[18]		[13]
Headington do.	Del., J. Buckler Photo, H. Taunt	[69] [70]		[44]
Hedon	Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[79]		[46]
Hereford, Whitefriars do. do.	Del., J. Buckler Photochrom Co.	[72] [73]		[44]
do. Preaching Cross	Photo, Frith & Co.	[143]		[122]
Hexham	do. Gibson & Sons	[42]		[37]
Higham Ferrers	Markham's Old Crosses of Northamptonshire	[55]		[46]
Holbech	Engraving by W. Stukeley	[10]		[123]
Horsington	Del., after J. Buckler	[53]		[46]
Ipswich do. do. do.	Diary of Sir James Thornhill Photo, Frank Woolnough, F.R.Met.S. Aquatint by Geo. Frost, 1812 Photo, Frank Woolnough, F.R.Met.S.	[169] [170] [171] [172]		[152]
Irtlingborough	Markham's Old Crosses of Northamptonshire	[56]		[46]
Irton	Lysons' Magna Britannia	[32]		[34]
Iron Acton	Photo, Rev. F. Sumner	[144]		[122]
Keyingham, Yorks.	Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[64]		[44]
do. (from Lincolnshire)	do. do.	[80]		[47]
Lanteglos Juxta Fowey do. do.	Photo, Frith & Co. do. F. T. S. Houghton	[94] [95]		[49]
Leicester	Nichol's Leicestershire	[12]		[152]
Leighton Buzzard do.	Engraving in Lyson's Bedfordshire Del., J. Buckler	[146] [147]		[124]
Lichfield, Dean Dentons	Old Engraving, Victoria and Albert Museum	[154]		[142]
London, West Cheap	(see Cheapside, supra)
do. Charing Cross	(see Charing Cross, supra)
do. Paul's Cross do. do.	Engraved from Drawing in Pepysian Library, Cambridge Panel Painting by John Gipkyn at Society of Antiquaries	[141] [142]		[113], [120]
Lymm	Photo, Frith & Co.	[183]		[157]
Madley do.	Photo, Alfred Watkins, F.R.P.S. do. do.	[101] [102]		[51]
Maidstone	do. H. Elgar, from Drawing by E. Pretty	[167]		[146]
Malmesbury do. do.	do. Dr G. Granville Buckley, F.S.A. Old Print, Victoria and Albert Museum do. do. do.	[156] [157] [158]		[133]
Maughold, Isle of Man do. do.	Photo, J. Valentine do. Frith & Co.	[86] [87]		[46], [48]
Mawgan-in-Pyder (Lanherne House Nunnery)	Photo, J. Valentine	[38]		[37]
Mawgan-in-Pyder (Churchyard Cross) Mawgan-in-Pyder (Churchyard Cross)	Lysons' Magna Britannia Photo, Frith & Co.	[106] [107]		[50]
Mildenhall	do. B.T.B.	[13]		[154]
Milverton, Somerset	Del., J. Buckler, 1841 (per H. St. G. Gray)	[185]		[156]
Mitton do.	do. do. do. do.	[194] [195]		[161]
Mitchel Troy	do. do.	[57]		[45]
Nether Stowey	do. do. 1837 (per H. St. G. Gray)	[184]		[156]
Newmarket, Flintshire do. do.	Photo, F. T. S. Houghton do. do.	[90] [91]		[48]
Northampton, Eleanor Cross do. do.	do. H. Cooper & Son Britton's Architectural Antiquities	[1] [126]		[95], [98]
Northampton, Old Market Cross	Water Colour in British Museum (MSS. Dept.), copy of Bridges' Northamptonshire	[150]		[142]
North Petherton	Del., J. K. Colling	[77]		[42]
North Hinksey do. do.	Del., J. Buckler do. do. do. do.	[83] [84] [85]		[48]
Norwich	Blomfield's Antiquities of Norfolk (T. Sheldrake)	[153]		[138]
Nottingham	Stretton MSS.	[186]		[157]
Oakham do.	Photo, B.T.B. do. do.	[178] [179]		[156]
Ombersley do. do.	do. Frith & Co. Instrumenta Ecclesiastica do. do.	[66] [67] [68]		[44]
Oundle	Markham's Old Crosses of Northamptonshire	[168]		[156]
Oxford, Jews' Cross do. do. do. do.	Photo, B.T.B. do. do.	[21] [22] [23]		[19]
Paul's Cross, London	(see London, Paul's Cross, supra)
Pocklington do.	Old Print, Victoria and Albert Museum do. do.	[114] [115]		[50], [54]
Poulton-le-Fylde	Photo, Sir B. Stone	[6]		[24]
Raglan	Del., J. Buckler	[71]		[44]
Raunds	Markham's Old Crosses of Northamptonshire	[45]		[42]
Repton	Photo, Photochrom Co.	[123]		[54]
Ripley	do. Aymer Vallance	[196]		[162]
Rocester do.	Del., J. Buckler, 1832 do. do.	[47] [48]		[45]
Rothersthorp	Markham's Old Crosses of Northamptonshire	[46]		[47]
Salisbury do.	Del., J. C. Buckler Photo, Photochrom Co.	[159] [160]		[137]
Sandbach do. do.	Dr Ormerod's Cheshire do. do. J. Valentine & Co.	[29] [30] [31]		[32]
Shepton Mallet do.	Photo, Dr F. J. Allen Gentleman's Magazine, 1781	[151] [152]		[128]
Sherburn-in-Elmet	G. B. Bulmer, Architectural Studies in Yorkshire, 1887	[113]		[46], [53]
Somersby	Instrumenta Ecclesiastica	[81]		[47]
Somerton	Photo, Frith & Co.	[166]		[146]
St Columb Major	do. do.	[37]		[37]
St Ives, Cornwall	do. do.	[96]		[50]
St Michael's Mount do.	Del., J. Buckler do. do.	[104] [105]		[52]
St Donats do.	Photo, Aymer Vallance Del., J. Buckler	[108] [109]		[46], [52]
Stalbridge	Photo, R. Wilkinson	[58]		[43], [44], [46]
Stanway	Del., J. Buckler	[60]		[43]
Steeple Ashton	do. do.	[121]		[54]
Stevington	Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[17]		[43]
Stringston, Somersetshire	Architectural Association Sketch Book	[5]		[43]
Swaffham	Photo, B.T.B.	[188]		[157]
Taunton	Drawing in British Museum, King's Collection	[155]		[142]
Thatcham	Del., J. Buckler	[61]		[43]
Tottenham do.	Old Engraving, 1788 do. Victoria and Albert Museum	[139] [140]		[111]
Tyberton do.	Photo, Alfred Watkins, F.R.P.S. do. do.	[100] [103]		[51]
Wakefield	Del., J. Buckler	[190]		[157]
Waltham Cross, Cheshunt	(see Cheshunt, supra)
Waterperry, Oxfordshire	Del., J. Buckler	[4]		[43]
Whalley	Photo, Gibson & Sons	[34]		[37]
Wells	Sime's Map of Wells, British Museum, King's Collection	[149]		[125]
Wheston, Tideswell do. do.	Engraving by F. L. Chantrey, R.A. Photo, F. Chapman	[92] [93]		[49]
Whitford	do. W. Marriot Dodson	[36]		[35]
Wicken	Del., J. Buckler	[62]		[43], [44]
Winchester	do. do.	[145]		[124]
Witney	Photo, Henry Taunt	[14]		[156]
Wolverhampton, Dane's Cross	Old Print, Victoria and Albert Museum	[2]		[37]
Wonford, St Loye's	Del., Miss E. K. Prideaux	[198]		[161]
Woodstock	Paul Sandby, 1777, The Antiquarian Repertory	[189]		[157]
Wooler	Scott's Border Antiquities	[43]		[37]
Wymondham do.	Photo, B.T.B. do. do.	[180] [181]		[156]
Yarnton do.	Del., J. Buckler, 1821 do. do.	[51] [52]		[44], [45]
CHAPTER VIII.—LYCHGATES
Anstey	Del., J. Buckler	[210]		[167]
Ashwell do. do. do.	B.T.B. do. do.	[215] [216] [217] [218]		[165], [167]
Beckenham do. do.	Album at R.I.B.A. Del., J. Buckler Spring Gardens' Sketch Book	[205] [206] [207]		[165], [166]
Boughton, Monchelsea	Del., J. Buckler	[231]		[168]
Bray do.	Photo, Aymer Vallance Peart Collection, R.I.B.A.	[202] [203]		[164]
Chalfont, St Giles	Photo	[204]		[164]
Chiddingfold	do. W. Plomer Young	[227]		[164]
Clodock	Del., J. Buckler	[228]		[167]
Clun	Photo, F. H Crossley	[235]		[164]
Goring	do. Henry Taunt	[226]		[165]
Hartfield	F. Frith & Co.	[201]		[164]
Hayes	Mills' History of the Parish of Hayes	[200]		[164], [165]
Heston do.	J. Drayton Wyatt, Anastatic Drawing Society Spring Gardens' Sketch Book	[213] [214]		[164], [165]
Isleham do. do.	Drawing after J. Buckler do. do. do. do.	[223] [224] [225]		[167]
Lenham do. do.	Photo, Aymer Vallance Spring Gardens' Sketch Book do. do.	[220] [221] [222]		[165], [167]
Llandrillo-yn-Rhos	Photo, F. Frith & Co.	[233]		[168]
Llanfillo	do. P. Bedford	[229]		[167]
Morwenstow	A. P. S. Dictionary	[219]		[165]
Monnington-on-Wye	Photo	[237]		[167]
Pattingham	Shaw's History of Staffordshire	[234]		[167]
Pulborough	Source unknown	[236]		[167]
Rustington	Del., J. Buckler	[230]		[168]
Staple do.	Instrumenta Ecclesiastica do. do.	[208] [209]		[166]
Tal-y Llyn	Photo, Sir B. Stone	[232]		[168]
West Wickham do.	Thomas Garratt, Transactions of St Paul's Ecclesiological Society, Vol. II. Spring Gardens' Sketch Book	[211] [212]		[167]

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ADDENDUM.

Page 9, line 11 from the bottom, after "extant" add:—

One example, removed from its site, is in existence. In the collection of the Kent Archæological Society at the Museum at Maidstone is a much mutilated head of a churchyard cross found at West Malling. The work, very rude and uncouth, appears to be of the fourteenth century. On one side is a crucifixion, unattended, and on one end a single figure, which may possibly represent St. John Baptist.