A Brief History of Forestry. / In Europe, the United States and Other Countries - B. E. Fernow

It so happened that an officer of the American army, Captain George P. Ahern, had for some time given attention to forestry matters in the States, and he naturally was placed in charge of this bureau, in 1900. There were found to be around one million acres private and church property, the rest being considered State lands, but all private owners were required to register their holdings before being allowed to exercise their rights. A system of licenses for cutting timber, and of free use permits to the poor population was continued after Spanish models. Not only was an efficient administration gradually secured, but the technical side of dendrological and silvicultural knowledge was developed as rapidly as possible under the able administration of Captain Ahern, a continuously growing literature being the result.

INDEX.

Administration, Austria, [167]; Canada, [424]; Denmark, [316]; Finland, [281]; France, [217], [219], [223], [224]; Germany, [80], [120]ff; Great Britain, [375]; Greece, [332], [333]; Hungary, [181]; India, [396]; Italy, [339]; Japan, [450]ff; Norway, [309], [311]; Portugal, [362]; Roumania, [325], [327]; Russia, [268], [269]; Spain, [359]; Sweden, [291], [301], [302]; Switzerland, [197]; United States, [485], [486], [488].
Africa, [439].
Alabama, [496].
Albania, [322].
Algiers, [223], [250].
Allmende (Germany), [28].
Allotment methods, [73], [114], [120], [303].
André, [115].
Andrews, [474].
Arabia, [15].
Arborday, Germany, [63]; Italy, [348]; Japan, [449]; Spain, [360]; United States, [477].
Area allotment, Austria, [170]; France, [240]; Germany, [114]; Sweden, [303].
Area division, France, [240]; Germany, [40], [69], [70], [74]; Russia, [274].
Arnold, [272].
Artaxerxes, regulations by, [10].
Aschaffenburg, [146].
Asia Minor, [10].
Associations, Austria, [176]; Canada, [435]; Denmark, [319]; Finland, [284]; France, [247]; Germany, [148]; Great Britain, [378]; Greece, [334]; Hungary, [184]; Italy, [349]; Japan, [454]; Norway, [314]; Roumania, [326]; Russia, [271], [272]; Sweden, [305]; Switzerland, [201]; United States, [479], [480], [481], [503].
Australia, [440].
Austria, [152].
Baden, [120].
Baden-Powell, [390], [408].
Bagneris, [242], [246].
Balestrieri, [347].
Ball planting, Germany, [65].
Banforest, Austria, [163]; Germany, [21]; Great Britain, [370]; Italy, [343], [344], [346]; Japan, [448]; Russia, [261]; Switzerland, [190].
Barres, [244].
Baudrillart, [242], [245].
Baur, [133], [137], [138], [140], [147].
Bavaria, [119].
Bechstein, J. M., [131], [140], [141], [142], [148].
Beckman, J. G., [73], [76], [87].
Beckman, J., [90], [91].
Bedemar, [273].
v. Behlen, [140], [150].
Behm, [136].
Bein and Eyber, [138].
v. Berlepsch, [67], [88].
Berlin forest school, [83], [84].
Bern, [200].
Bernhardt, [150].
Bertram, [434].
Betulomania (Germany), [66].
Biermans, [107].
Biltmore, [497].
Bohemia, [170], [172], [176].
Boppe, [242], [246].
Borggreve, [112], [131], [138], [140], [150].
Borkhausen, [140].
Bose, [140].
Bosnia-Herzegovina, [155], [166].
Bowers, [483].
Brandis, [383], [394], [402], [405], [406], [408].
Braun, [132].
Brémontier, [225].
Brewer, [474].
Breymann, [134].
v. Brocke, [89].
Broillard, [242], [246].
Büchting, [87].
Buffon, [237], [239], [245].
Bühler, [202].
Bulgaria, [322].
Bunch planting, Germany, [108].
Burgsdorf, [84], [105].
Burkhardt, [108], [131], [140], [150].
Butlar, [107].
California, [491], [496], [497].
Calipers, [134].
Cameralists, Austria, [168]; Germany, [57], [81], [122], [143].
Canada, [409].
Cape Colony, [439].
Carlowitz, [64], [68], [86].
Catalpa (Germany), [66].
Cato, [19], [20].
Ceylon, [438].
Champagne, reboisement (France), [229].
Chevandier, [247].
Church forests, [14], [46], [55], [93].
City forests (Germany), [34], [46], [56].
Clavé, [238], [239].
Clearing system, France, [218]; Germany, [108]; Italy, [338]; India, [402]; Sweden, [302].
Cleghorn, [393].
Cleopatra, [10].
Cleveland, [484], [485].
Clinton, [468].
Cloister forests, Germany, [37], [46], [55], [93].
Clovis, [29], [30].
Coaz, [191], [202].
Cochin China, [251].
Code forestier, [220], [222].
Colbert, [215].
Colbert’s ordinance, France, [235], [238].
Colerus, [85].
Colonies, (French), [248]-[252]; (Great Britain), [380]-[441].
Colorado, [490], [491].
Columella, [19], [20].
Commissions, Austria, [162], [174]; Canada, [434], [436]; France, [215]; Great Britain, [375], [376], [377]; Hungary, [181]; Italy, [342], [344], [345]; Norway, [308], [309], [312]; Russia, [263], [266]; Spain, [355]; Sweden, [295], [297], [299]; United States, [475], [481], [489], [492], [493], [494].
Communal forests, Austria, [158], [174]; France, [208], [209], [210], [211], [212], [220], [221], [222], [240]; Finland, [280]; Germany, [28], [46], [56], [94], [127]; Hungary, [180]; India, [390], [391]; Italy, [339]; Japan, [446]; Norway, [307], [312]; Russia, [259], [260]; Sweden, [291], [293]; Switzerland, [195].
Compartment method, Germany, [61].
Conifer planting, Germany, [65].
Connecticut, [496], [497].
Conservation, United States, [499].
Conservation Board, Sweden, [299].
Consumption, world, [4].
Coopers Hill, [378], [406].
Coppice, France, [234]; Germany, [60], [110]; India, [402]; Italy, [17], [338]; Switzerland, [199].
Corporation forests, see [Communal Forests].
v. Cotta, [83], [99], [102], [104], [110], [113], [119], [130], [131], [135], [138], [140], [144], [145], [170], [242], [246].
Cramer, [89].
de Crescentiis, [85], [244].
Cyprus, [10], [439].
Dalhousie, [393].
Dalmatia, [161].
Dankelmann, [140], [150].
D’Arcy, [408].
Dehra Dun, [407].
Delaware, [497].
Demontzey, [246].
Denmark, [314].
Diameter limit, Canada, [427]; France, [235]; Germany, [40], [49]; Sweden, [293], [298].
- pricemaker, Germany, [74].
Diodorus, [14], [16].
Doebel, [75], [86].
Dokuchaev, [273].
Dombrowski, [131].
Dralet, [245].
Draudt, [136].
Duhamel, [237], [238], [245].
Ebermayer, [142].
Eberswalde, [146].
Egypt, [14], [16].
Eisenach, [146].
Endres, [144].
Ensign, United States, [491].
Entail, Germany, [129].
Entomology, Germany, [142].
Ethiopia, [14], [15].
Evelyn’s Silva, Great Britain, [374].
Experiment stations, Austria, [176]; France, [239]; Germany, [147]; Hungary, [184]; Italy, [348]; Japan, [453]; Sweden, [304]; Switzerland, [201].
Exports, see [Imports].
Export trade, Canada, [418], [419].
Faustmann, [134], [139].
Feldjäger, [81].
Felling time, Germany, [78].
Femelschlag, Germany, [61].
Fernandez, [408].
Feudal system, France, [208], [210]; Germany, [33]; Japan, [447].
Finland, [277].
Fires, Canada, [418], [429]; France, [221], [250]; Germany, [48]; India, [400], [401]; Sweden, [303]; Switzerland, [190]; United States, [465], [494].
Fischbach, [140].
de Fleury, France, [233].
Forest area, world, [4].
Forest conditions, ancient, [9]; Austria, [155]ff; Canada, [414]-[417]; Denmark, [314], [315]; Finland, [279]; France, [205], [206]; Germany, [24], [47], [96], [109]; Great Britain, [367]; Greece, [328], [329]; India, [383]-[388]; Italy, [336]; Japan, [444]; Norway, [306], [307]; Portugal, [360]; Russia, [254]-[258]; Spain, [352]; Sweden, [287], [288]; Switzerland, [188]; Turkey, [322]; United States, [461]-[466].
Forest courts, France, [216]; Germany, [32]; Great Britain, [370], [371].
Foresters, Forestarii, [32], [36].
Forest influences, Austria, [163]; France, [230]; Germany, [129], [144]; Italy, [342]-[347]; Russia, [264]; Switzerland, [191], [194].
Forest management, ancient, [16].
Forest ordinances, Austria, [158], [161]; France, [212]-[216]; Germany, [37], [38], [52].
Forest organization, Austria, [169]-[172]; France, [239], [240]; Germany, [113]-[120]; Japan, [452]; Russia, [274]; Sweden, [303].
Forest police, Austria, [164]-[166].
Forest protection, by ancients, [16], [18]; Germany, [141], [142].
Forest rent, Germany, [118], [139].
Forest schools, Austria, [175]; Canada, [436]; Denmark, [319]; Finland, [283]; France, [241], [242]-[244]; Germany, [83], [84], [90], [145]; Great Britain, [377], [378]; Hungary, [183], [184]; India, [405]; Italy, [347], [348]; Japan, [450], [451], [454]; Norway, [310], [313]; Portugal, [364]; Russia, [270], [271]; Spain, [355], [356]; Sweden, [303], [304]; Switzerland, [190], [200]; United States, [487], [500], [501].
Forest service, see [Administration].
Forest use control, early, Austria, [158]; Denmark, [316]; France, [213]ff; Germany, [36]ff, [49], [50], [55], [56]; Hungary, [180]; Norway, [308]; Sweden, [294].
Forestry congress, Canada, [429]; United States, [480].
Forestry council, Germany, [149].
Forestry journals see [Journals].
Forestry, origin, [2], [41].
Form factors, Germany, [134].
Form quotient, Germany, [135].
Frederick the Great, [72].
French revolution, [126].
Frontier forests, ancient, [13], [15].
- France, [222]; Germany, [28]; Hungary, [180].
Fürst, [131], [132], [142].
Galicia, [160].
Gamble, [408].
Gayer, [108], [131], [132].
German influence, Denmark, [317], [332]; France, [242]; India, [380]; Russia, [262]; Sweden, [295]; Switzerland, [191]; United States, [480], [497].
Germany, [22].
Gibson, [393].
Gifford, [500].
Giessen, [146].
v. Gleditsch, [84].
Göchhausen, [86].
Goeppert, [112].
Graves, [503].
Great Britain, [365].
Grebe, [142].
Greece, ancient, [10], [14], [16].
- modern, [327].
Grenzmark, [13].
Guiot, [237], [245].
Guyot, [243], [246].
Gwinner, [131], [140].
Harrison, [483].
Hartig, G. L., [83], [94], [98], [110], [113], [121], [130], [131], [132], [133], [136], [138], [139], [140], [145], [149], [170], [242], [245], [246].
Hartig’s rules, [102], [104], [105].
Hartig, R., [112], [141], [136].
Hartig, Th., [132], [141].
Hauch, [319].
Haug, [112].
Hausväter, [85].
Hawaii, [505].
Hennert, [72], [74], [75].
Henry, [246].
Hess, [102], [142].
Heyer, E., [138].
Heyer, G., [102], [117], [134], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142], [146], [150].
Heyer, K., [101], [106], [111], [116], [130], [131], [134], [147].
Heyer, K. method, [120].
Historical periods, Germany, [25], [26].
Hodges, [479].
Holy groves, [13], [15], [16].
Hossfeld, [112], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138].
Hough, [475].
Huber, [115], [134], [136], [137].
Huffel, [239], [247].
Hundeshagen, [100], [111], [116], [125], [130], [131], [135], [137], [140], [147], [171].
Hungary, [154], [178].
Hunting grounds of Romans, [13].
Hygienic influences, Italy, [344], [347].
Hypsometer, Germany, [75], [134].
Imports, Canada, [418]; Denmark, [315]; Finland, [277]; France, [206]; Germany, [24], [126]; Italy, [338]; Great Britain, [368]; Norway, [308]; Spain, [353]; Sweden, [289]; Russia, [253].
Improvement fellings, France, [235]; Germany, [110].
Increment measuring, Germany, [75].
Index per cent. Germany, [117].
India, [14], [380].
Indiana, [496], [497].
Indo-China, [251].
Information bureau, Germany, [128].
Isaiah, reference, [10].
Israelites, [10], [13].
Istria, [160].
Italy, [11], [335].
Jacobi, [70].
Jacquot, [247].
Jaeger, [112], [138].
Jaeger, holzgerechte, Germany, [56], [81], [86].
Japan, [442].
Jews, [10], [13].
Josephus, reference to forest destruction, [10].
Journals, Austria, [178]; Canada, [435], [436]; Denmark, [319]; Finland, [284]; France, [247]; Germany, [149], [150]; Great Britain, [379]; Hungary, [184]; India, [408]; Italy, [349]; Norway, [314]; Roumania, [326]; Russia, [271]; Spain, [360]; Sweden, [304], [305]; Switzerland, [202]; United States, [480], [481], [499], [500], [503].
Judeich, [117], [140], [170].
Judeich and Nitzsche, [142].
Jung, [90].
Kaigodorov, [273].
Kaiser, [132].
Karl, [138].
Karlsruhe, [146].
Karst, [156], [161], [173], [174].
Kauschinger, [142].
Kentucky, [496].
Klipstein, [114].
Kogl, [172].
König, [100], [111], [112], [116], [132], [135], [136], [138], [272].
Korea, [455].
Krafft, [112], [133], [140].
Krain, [159].
Kravchinsky, [273].
Kregting, [73], [113].
Krohne, [75].
v. Kropf, [72], [74], [75].
Kuntze, [136], [137], [138].
Landes, reboisement, France, [226], [227].
Landolt, [191], [202].
v. Langen, [68], [70], [88], [309], [316].
Lapham, [489].
v. Lassberg, [88].
Laurop, [142], [144], [148].
Lefebvre, [249].
Lehr, [140], [144].
Leiria forest, Portugal, [363].
Literature, ancient, [19]; Austria, [178]; Denmark, [319]; France, [244]-[247]; Germany, [22], [41], [67], [84]-[91], [130]ff; Great Britain, [379]; Hungary, [183]; Italy, [349]; India, [405]; Russia, [271], [272]; Sweden, [303]; Switzerland, [202].
Litter, [51], [133].
Logslides, Germany, [79].
Lorentz, [238], [242].
Lorey, [112], [131], [136], [137].
Louisiana, [496].
Lumber industry, United States, [471]; Canada, [419], [420].
Macedonia, [11], [322].
Maine, United States, [494], [490].
Malay States, [438].
Manteuffel, [63], [107].
Maria Theresa reforms, Austria, [161], [180].
Mark forests Austria, [154]; France, [207]; Germany, [27]ff, [37], [44], [46], [95]; Norway, [307]; Sweden, [290]ff.
Marsh G.P., [474].
Maryland, [496].
Massachusetts, [490], [496].
Matsuno, [450], [453].
Mauritius, [439].
Mayer, [141].
Mayr, [132].
McClelland, [394].
Mediterranean countries, [10], [12], [320].
Meister, [202].
Mensuration, Germany, [73], [78], [133]ff.
Mercantilistic system, Germany, [42], [53], [126].
Mesopotamia, [10].
Méthode à tire et aire, Germany, [58], [217]; France, [236].
Meurer, [85].
Meyer, [144].
Micheaux, [245], [478].
Michigan, [490], [496], [497].
Mine forests, Austria, [159]; Hungary, [180].
Minnesota, [489], [494], [496], [497].
Moreau de Jonnès, [130].
Morozov, [273].
v. Moser, [89].
Mound planting, Germany, [107].
Mount Lebanon, [10], [14].
Mühlhausen, [132].
Müller P.E., [319].
Müller, U., [138].
Münden, [146].
Munich, [84], [146].
Municipal forests, [14].
Nancy, [242], [406].
Nanquette, [242], [243], [246].
Napoleon, [219].
Natural regeneration, development in Germany, [39], [58]ff.
Navy reservations, Canada, [424]; France, [215]; Great Britain, [374]; Russia, [262]; United States, [469].
Nestorov, [273].
Newfoundland, [437].
New Hampshire, [490], [496], [497].
New Jersey, [490], [496], [497].
New York, [490], [491]-[494], [498].
New South Wales, [441].
Ney, [131].
Nisbet, [379].
Noble, [483].
Noerdlinger, [132], [138], [156].
Normal forest, Austria, [170], [171]; Germany, [115]; Hungary, [181].
North Carolina, [490], [497].
Norway, [305].
Nurseries, ancient, [20]; Germany, [106], [107]; Hungary, [182].
Nursetree method, Germany, [60].
Oettelt, [68], [70], [74], [76], [77], [134], [136].
Ohio, [490], [497].
Oliva de Serres, [244].
Ordinances, Austria, [158], [161], [165]; France, [214], [215], [216], [217], [233]; Germany, [33], [38], [47], [48], [49]ff, [62]; Italy, [340]; Japan, [447]; Norway, [310]; Spain, [355]; Sweden, [294]; United States, [467].
Orlov, [273].
Otozky, [273].
Oxford University, [378], [406].
Palestine, [9], [13].
Palladius, [19].
Parade, [242], [246].
Paradises of Persians, [13].
Pasture in forests, Greece, [331]; India, [400]; Italy, [346].
Pasture woods, Germany, [62]; Switzerland, [193], [195], [196].
Pathology, Germany, [141].
Paulsen, [115], [136].
Pearson, [401].
Pennsylvania, [495], [496].
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, [498].
Persia, [14].
Perthuis, [245].
Peter de Crescentiis, [41], [244].
Pfeil, [101], [104], [111], [126], [130], [131], [132], [139], [142], [143], [144], [145], [150].
Physiocratic doctrine, Germany, [43].
Pinchot, [487], [497], [501].
Philippines, [505], [506].
Planting, Austria, [172], [173]; Denmark, [318], [319]; France, [224]ff; Germany, [39], [62], [65], [66], [82], [166]ff; Great Britain, [369]; India, [404]; Japan, [451], [453]; Portugal, [362], [363]; Russia, [276]; Sweden, [302]; United States, [476], [477], [478], [498].
- fund, Germany, [65]; Russia, [269]; Spain, [358].
- budgets, Germany, [66].
Plant material distribution, Germany, [128]; Hungary, [182]; Italy, [346]; Portugal, [364]; Russia, [267]; United States, [498].
Pliny, [19], [20].
Poland, [275].
Polewood management, Germany, [61].
Portugal, [360].
Porto Rico, [504].
Pressler, [111], [112], [117], [134], [136], [138], [139], [140].
Private forests, ancient, [15]; Austria, [158], [162]; Canada, [423]; Denmark, [317]; Finland, [283]; France, [206], [207], [212], [224], [240], [241]; Germany, [29], [55], [128]; Greece, [333]; Hungary, [179]; India, [390], [391]; Italy, [339]; Japan, [447]; Norway, [308]; Portugal, [361], [363]; Russia, [273]; Spain, [360]; Sweden, [293]; Switzerland, [195], [196].
Property conditions, ancient, [12]; Austria, [157]; Canada, [422], [423], [424]; Denmark, [216], [217]; Finland, [280]; France, [212]; Germany, [27]-[36], [42]-[47], [92]; Great Britain, [375]; India, [388]; Italy, [339], [342]; Japan, [447], [450]; Norway, [307]; Portugal 361; Russia, [259], [260]; Spain, [352]; Sweden, [290]ff; Switzerland, [189]; United States, [458], [461].
Protection forest, Austria, [163]; France, [222], [250]; Hungary, [181]; Italy, [342]; Japan, [453]; Norway, [312], [313]; Russia, [264], [265], [266]; Switzerland, [194], [196].
Puton, [242], [243], [246].
Queensland, [441].
Railroad planting, United States, [479], [498].
Ramann, [142].
Ratzeburg, [142].
Réaumur, [77], [238], [245].
Reboisement, Austria, [150], [159], [165]; Denmark, [317]; France, [223], [224], [229], [232], [238]; Germany, [62], [106]; Great Britain, [377]; Hungary, [181]; Portugal, [363]; Russia, [269], [275], [276]-[277]; Italy, [344], [345]; Norway, [311]; Russia, [276]; Spain, [358], [359].
Reforestation, see [Planting] and [Reboisement].
Reservations, Canada, [424], [425], [432]; United States, [469].
Reum, [140].
v. Reuss, [118], [134], [246].
Ribbentrop, [383], [380], [408].
Richter, [134].
Rhode Island, [496].
Rights of user, ancient, [15]; Denmark, [322]; France, [206], [210], [211], [221]; Germany, [21], [32], [44], [47], [96], [128]; Greece, [331]; India, [388], [389], [390], [391]; Japan, [447]; Norway, [307], [313]; Sweden, [291]; Switzerland, [195].
Road building, Germany, [132].
Robinia, Germany, [66].
Roger, [408].
Romans, forest conditions, [11].
- wood markets, [12].
- management, [12].
- ownership, [16].
Roosevelt, [487], [499].
Rostaing, [338].
Rotations, France, [234], [237]; Germany, [139], [140]; Russia, [274].
Roth, [486].
Rothrock, [495].
Roumania, [321], [324], [327].
Roumelia, [322].
Royal trees, India, [389]; Japan, [448].
Rudzsky, [273].
Runnebaum, [132].
Russia, [253].
de Salomon, [246].
Sand dune planting, Denmark, [318]; France, [225], [226], [250]; Germany, [65]; Hungary, [180], [183]; Italy, [338]; Russia, [276].
Sargent, [500].
Saxony, [119].
Saw, use, Germany, [77], [78].
Scandinavia, [285].
Schenck, [497], [501].
Schiffel, [135].
Schilcher, [113].
Schlich, [378], [379], [383], [408].
Schneider, [138].
Schoener, [134].
Schroeder, [142].
Schuberg, [137].
Schwappach, [132], [137], [138], [144].
v. Seckendorff, [165].
Seebach modified beech forest, Germany, [109].
Seed tree management, France, [234].
Seed tree methods, Sweden, [302].
Seigniorage, Austria, [159]; Germany, [32], [43], [44], [54], [92].
Selection forest, Austria, [172]; Finland, [281]; France, [206], [235], [237], [239]; Germany, [40], [58], [62], [108], [110]; India, [402]; Italy, [338]; Norway, [313]; Russia, [274]; Sweden, [302]; Switzerland, [198]; United States, [498].
Senft, [142].
Servia, [323].
Servitudes, see [Rights of user].
Seutter, [137], [139].
Seymour, [491].
Shelterwood system, Austria, [172]; France, [238], [239], [242]; Germany, [102], [107], [105], [108]; Switzerland, [198].
Shifting sands, see [Sand dunes].
Siberia, [254], [255], [256].
Sihlwald, [190].
Silviculture, Austria, [172]; France, [235]-[240]; Denmark, [318]; Germany, [57]ff, [68], [102]-[112]; India, [402]; Romans, [16], [17]; Russia, [274]; Sweden, [302]; Switzerland, [198].
Slavish countries, [321].
Smalian, [134], [135].
Smith, Adam, [93], [143].
Smith, Hoke 484.
Soil knowledge, Germany, [142].
Soil rent, Germany, [117], [138], [139].
Solitude, school, Germany, [84], [90].
Sologne, reboisement, France, [228].
South Australia, [440].
Southworth, [430].
Sowing, Germany, [63].
Sowing cones, Germany, [64].
Space number, Germany, [135].
Spain, [9], [11], [349].
Späth, [110], [136].
Stahl, [84], [89], [91].
Starr, [473].
State foresters, Canada, [431]; France, [220]; Germany, [120]; United States, [496]; Switzerland, [198].
State forests, Austria, [167], [168]; Denmark, [317]; Finland, [280], [281], [282], [283]; France, [210], [218], [219]; origin in Germany, [92]; Great Britain, [374], [375], [376]; Greece, [331]; Hungary, [180], [181], [182]; India, [388], [396]; Italy, [339]; Japan, [450], [451]; Norway, [307], [311]; Portugal, [362]; Russia, [256]; Spain, [357], [358], [359]; Sweden, [290], [291], [292].
State supervision, Austria, [161]-[165]; Germany, [144]; Greece, [333]; Hungary, [181]; France, [220]-[223]; Finland, [283]; Denmark, [316]; Italy, [342]ff; Japan, [452]; Norway, [312]; Portugal, [363]; Russia, [263]ff; Spain, [360]; Sweden, [297], [299]ff; Switzerland, [193].
v. Steuben, [480].
Stoetzer, [132].
Straits Settlement, [438].
Strip system, Austria, [172]; Germany, [59]; Russia, [274].
Styria, [159], [160], [162], [171].
Successive fellings, Germany, [61], [102].
Supplies, of world, [4].
Swamps reclaimed, Russia, [277].
Sweden, [287].
Switzerland, [185].
Syria, [10].
Tariff, Germany, [126].
Tassy, [246], [249].
Taungya, Germany, [65]; India, [403].
Tax release, Austria, [173], [174]; France, [218]; United States, [476].
Technology, ancient, [18], [19]; Switzerland, [202].
Tharandt, [84], [146].
Thrace, [322].
Theophrastus, [19].
Tichonoff, [272].
Thinnings, Denmark, [318]; France, [236], [239]; Germany, [67], [110]-[112]; Switzerland, [199].
Thirty years’ war, Germany, [48].
Timber culture acts, United States, [476], [477].
Timber famine, Germany, [3], [40], [49], [97], [126], [144]; United States, [466], [468].
Timber licenses, Canada, [425], [426], [427].
Timber Physics, United States, [503].
Tire et aire method, France, [236], [238], [241].
Tolsky, [273].
Torrents, Austria, [165]; France, [229]-[232]; Italy, [336], [345].
Transportation means, Germany, [79].
Tree marking, Germany, [51].
Triage, [211].
Trunk, [75], [90].
Tübingen, [146].
Tuffer, [374].
Turkey, [321].
Tursky, [273].
Tyrol, [159].
United States, [456].
Urich, [136].
Utilization, Germany, [132].
Valuation, Germany, [138].
Vanderbilt, [497].
Varro, [19], [20].
Venice, [161].
Vergil, [19].
Vermont, [496].
Vienna forest, [171].
Vizner, [183].
Volume allotment, Germany, [73], [113].
Volume tables, Germany, [75], [76], [135].
Wagener, [112], [131], [140].
Wagner, [132].
Waldfeldbau, Germany, [65], [109].
Walther, [140].
Wangenheim, [97].
Warder, [474], [479].
Wartenberg dibble, [107].
Washington, [496].
Waste lands, Canada, [434]; France, [224]; Japan, [453].
Weber, R., [137], [142], [144].
Wedekind, [143].
v. Wedell, [71], [74].
Weise, [137].
Weisswasser, [170].
Wellenburg, Lang von, [158].
Wertheim, [247].
Wessely, [183].
West Virginia, [490].
Wiedenmann, [130].
Willkomm, [141].
Wimmenauer, [134].
Wind danger, Germany, [59].
Wisconsin, [489], [494], [496], [497].
Wollny, [142].
Wood chopper, league, Germany, [79].
Wood prices, Switzerland, [200].
Working plans, France, [235]; Germany, [113], 121, [122]; India, [405]; Japan, [451].
World, wood supply and consumption, [4].
Württemberg, [119].
Yield, regulation methods, [68].
Yield tables, Germany, [76], [115], [136].
v. Zanthier, [68], [70], [76], [77], [83], [88], [91], [309], [316].
Zürich, [109], [200].

Transcriber’s Notes

This ebook follows the text of the original printed work, except as mentioned below. Inconsistencies (spelling, œ/oe/ö, diacritics, hyphenation, capitalisation, compound words, single/double l, etc.) have been retained.

Various pages: German (nick)names ending in -man: the original spelling has been retained (e.g., Beckman is usually spelled Beckmann (Johann Gottlieb, 1700-1777 and Johann, 1739-1811)).

Page 36. “its removal theft”: as printed in the original work.

Page 63, Mitfasten (Easter): Mitfasten is not Easter, but half-lent.