To My Friend of Many Years
ROSSITER W. RAYMOND
whose warm personal interest and enthusiastic
patriotism have from their beginnings
inspired my labors in forwarding
forestry interests in the
United States.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
PREFACE[ix]
INTRODUCTORY[1]
THE FOREST OF THE ANCIENTS[8]
1.Forest Conditions[9]
2.Development of Forest Property[12]
3.Forest Use[15]
4.Literature[19]
GERMANY[22]
I.From earliest Times to end of Middle Ages[26]
1.Development of Property Conditions[27]
2.Forest Treatment[36]
II.First Development of Forestry Methods (1500 to 1800)[41]
1.Development of Property Conditions[42]
2.Forest Conditions[47]
3.Methods of Restriction in Forest Use[49]
4.Development of Forest Policy[52]
5.Personnel[56]
6.Development of Silviculture[57]
7.Improvement of the Crop[67]
8.Methods of Regulating Forest Management[68]
9.Improvements in Methods of Mensuration[73]
10.Methods of Lumbering and Utilization[77]
11.Forest Administration[80]
12.Forestry Schools[83]
13.Forestry Literature[84]
III.Development in the Nineteenth Century[91]
1.Changes in Property Conditions[92]
2.Forest Conditions[96]
3.Personnel[97]
4.Progress in Silviculture[102]
5.Methods of Forest Organization[113]
6.Forest Administration[120]
7.Forest Policy[125]
8.Forestry Science and Literature[131]
9.Means of Advancing Forestry Science[145]
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY[152]
1.Property Conditions[157]
2.First Attempts at Forest Control[158]
3.Development of Forest Policy[162]
4.State Forest Administration[167]
5.Progress of Forest Organization[169]
6.Development of Silviculture[172]
7.Education and Literature[175]
Hungary[178]
SWITZERLAND[185]
1.Forest Conditions and Property Rights[188]
2.Development of Forest Policy[190]
3.Forestry Practice[198]
4.Education and Literature[200]
FRANCE[203]
1.Development of Forest Property[203]
2.Development of Forest Administration[213]
3.Development of Modern Forest Policy[220]
4.Work of Reforestation[224]
5.Forestry Science and Practice[233]
6.Education and Literature[241]
7.Colonial Policies[248]
RUSSIA AND FINLAND[253]
1.Forest Conditions and Ownership[255]
2.Development of Forest Policy[261]
3.Education and Literature[270]
4.Forestry Practice[273]
Finland[277]
THE SCANDINAVIAN STATES[285]
Sweden[287]
1.Property Conditions[290]
2.Development of Forest Policy[294]
3.Forest Administration and Forest Practice[301]
4.Education and Literature[303]
Norway[305]
Denmark[314]
THE MEDITERRANEAN PENINSULAS[320]
Turkish and Slavish Territories[321]
Greece[327]
1.Forest Conditions[328]
2.Development of Forest Policy[332]
Italy[335]
1.Forest Conditions[336]
2.Development of Forest Policy[340]
3.Education and Literature[347]
Spain[349]
1.Forest Conditions[352]
2.Development of Forest Policy[354]
Portugal[360]
GREAT BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES[365]
1.Forest Conditions[367]
2.Development of Forest Policy[370]
India[380]
1.Forest Conditions[383]
2.Property Conditions[388]
3.Development of Forest Policy[391]
4.Forest Organization and Administration[396]
5.Forest Treatment[400]
6.Education and Literature[405]
Canada[409]
1.Forest Conditions[414]
2.Ownership[421]
3.Administration of Timberlands[424]
4.Development of Forest Policy[428]
5.Education[435]
Newfoundland[437]
Other British Possessions and Colonies[438]
JAPAN[442]
1.Forest Conditions and Ownership[442]
2.Development of Forest Policy[446]
Korea[455]
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA[456]
1.Forest Conditions[461]
2.Early Forest History[466]
3.Development of Forest Policy[479]
4.Education and Literature[499]
Insular Possessions[504]
INDEX[i]

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

It has been a great surprise and also a great gratification to the author to see the first edition of this volume exhausted within less than two years since its appearance in complete form. The gratification has come especially because of the opportunity thus afforded of revision, improvement in style, and correction of the many inaccuracies which the first edition contained, excusable only by the manner in which (as explained in the preface of the first edition) the volume had come into existence.

Only in a few cases has it seemed desirable to expand, since the object of the book is not to be complete, but to give as briefly as possible an oversight over a rather large field. The chapter on France has, however, been entirely re-written and considerably enlarged to meet the just criticisms of reviewers; the excellent work of Huffel, full of historical data, which was not available when the first edition was printed, permitting a clearer and fuller statement to be made.