[3]. It was invented by Schwartz in 1320.
[4]. Guizot Hist. Civilization.
[5]. Smith's Eng. Inst., pages 8,9.
[6]. It is only fair to Catholics to say that such is their explanation of indulgences now.
[7]. Maclain's note in Mosheim, vol. II, Ch. ii.
[8]. The account here given of the rise and character of indulgences is condensed chiefly from Schlegel, quoted by Murdock in the latter's translation of Mosheim, vol. III, book iv, cent. xvi, ch. i.
[9]. The canon law consists of the enactments of the councils and decrees of the popes.
[10]. Peter Lombard, who in the 12th century collected and arranged systematically the theological opinions and decisions of the Latin fathers.
[11]. In the church of Rome it may be said there were two parties, one of which held that the pope's power was supreme—superior to all other authority in the church; the other maintained that the pope's authority was subordinate to that of a general council of the whole church. The latter party was quite strong in Germany, so that a great many sustained Luther in his appeal to a general council. Even Duke George of Saxony favored the calling of such a council. Said he:—"The scandalous conduct of the clergy is a very fruitful source of the destruction of poor souls. There must be a universal reformation; and this cannot be better effected than by a general council. It is therefore the most earnest wish of us all, that such a measure be adopted."—Milner's Church Hist. vol. iv, ch. v, (Note.)
[12]. Milner's Church Hist., vol. IV, p. 405.