1909—Forty-six stars and thirteen stripes.

[48] Monson's "Naval Tracts."

[49] Richelieu.

[50] Monson.

[51] Bloomfield: "The National Flag."

[52] Hannay: "Short History of the Royal Navy."

[53] These masthead pennants, with the St. George cross at the head, are worn on all His Majesty's ships in commission. They vary in length from 9 to 60 feet, and in width 2½ inches to 4 inches, and are worn as a sign of command both night and day.

[54] Regulations and instructions relating to His Majesty's Service at sea, 1790.

[55] Treaty of Breda, 1667.

[56] Mahan.