[157] Article I., Section 2, Constitution of United States, 1787.
[158] Article IV., Section 2, Constitution of United States, 1787.
[159] James Madison, subsequently twice President of the United States, 1809 and 1813.
[160] Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, January 31st, 1865.
[161] There were a few isolated instances of slaves who continued for a short time in the possession of their previous owners, but after this date any slave who came to the country, and every child born of coloured parents, was free.
[162] Speaking in the Exposition Hall, at the great Columbian Exhibition, Chicago, on August 25th, 1893, Douglas said of his people: "To-day we number 8,000,000 (coloured) people in the United States. To-day a desperate effort is being made to blacken the character of the negro and to brand him as a moral monster. In fourteen States of this Union wild mobs have taken the place of the law. They hang, shoot and burn men of my race without law and without right."
[163] 1896.
[164] In the United States the members of the Senate are elected by the Legislatures of the States, one for each State, and sit for six years. The members of the House of Representatives are elected by popular vote of the electors, the number for each State being determined by its proportional population, and each sits for a fixed term of two years.
[165] No Bill for the expenditure of any money or for a change in taxation can be introduced except by a member of the Cabinet.
[166] The life of a Parliament in Canada is limited to five years, and, unless it has been dissolved in the interval, must return for re-election at the end of that term. An entire new parliament can be re-elected any time in about six weeks.