Chapter Page
A Poem—The Union Jack[11]
Notes on Flags[12]
I.Emblems and Flags[13]
II.The Origins of National Flags[21]
III.The Origin of the Jacks[32]
IV.The English Jack[41]
V.The Supremacy of the English Jack[53]
VI.The Scottish Jack[64]
VII.The "Additional" Union Jack of James I.[71]
VIII.The English Jack Restored[81]
IX.The Evolution of the Red Ensign[92]
X.The Sovereignty of the Seas—The Fight for the Flag[102]
XI.The Sovereignty of the Seas—The Fight for the Trade[111]
XII.The Union Jack of Queen Anne, 1707[118]
XIII.The Two-Crossed Jack in Canada[132]
XIV.The Irish Jack[140]
XV.The Jacks in the Thirteen Colonies of North America[153]
XVI.The Union Flags of the United States[170]
XVII.The Jack and Parliamentary Union in Britain[182]
XVIII.The Jack and Parliamentary Union in Canada[189]
XIX.The Union Jack of George III., 1801[199]
XX.The Lessons of the Crosses[215]
XXI.The Proportions of the Crosses[222]
XXII.Under the Three Crosses in Canada[235]
XXIII.The Flag of Freedom[243]
XXIV.The Flag of Liberty[253]
XXV.The Union Jack as a Single Flag[264]
XXVI.The Jacks in Red, White and Blue Ensigns[272]
XXVII.The Union Ensigns of the British Empire[280]
Appendix A.The Maple Leaf Emblem[295]
Appendix B.Letters from the Private Secretary of His Majesty King Edward VII.[298]
Appendix C.Canadian War Medals[299]
Appendix D.A Record of the "Diamond Anthem"[300]
Index[313]

[LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.]

No. Page
1.Assyrian Emblems[15]
2.Eagle Emblems[16]
3.Tortoise Totem[18]
4.Wolf Totem[18]
5.The Hawaiian Ensig[30]
6.A Red Cross Knight[35]
7.Colours of 10th Royal Grenadiers, Canada[39]
8.St. George's Jack[41]
9.The Borough Seal of Lyme Regis, 1284[46]
10.Brass in Elsing Church, 1347[49]
11.The Henri Grace à Dieu, 1515[60]
12.St. Andrew's Jack[64]
13.Scotch "Talle Shippe," 16th Century[67]
14.Royal Arms of England, Henry V., 1413, to Elizabeth[71]
15.Royal Arms of James I., 1603[72]
16.Jack of James I., 1606[74]
17.The Sovereign of the Seas, 1637[85]
18.Commonwealth Twenty-Shilling Piece[87]
19.Commonwealth Boat Flag[88]
20.The Naseby. Charles II.[95]
21.Medal of Charles II., 1665[98]
22.Whip-lash Pennant, British Navy[108]
23.Union Jack of Anne, 1707[118]
24.Draft "C," Union Jack, 1707[121]
25.The Red Ensign in "The Margent," 1707[125]
26.Fort Niagara, 1759[128]
27.The Assault at Wolfe's Cove, Quebec, 1759[130]
28.St. Patrick's Jack[141]
29.Labarum of Constantine[142]
30.Harp of Hibernia[143]
31.Seal of Carrickfergus, 1605[148]
32.Royal Arms of Queen Victoria[148]
33.Medal of Queen's First Visit to Ireland[149]
34.The Throne of Queen Victoria in the House of Lords, 1900[150]
35.Arms of the Fitzgeralds[151]
36.Medal of Louis XIV., "Kebeca Liberata," 1690[165]
37.New England Ensign[166]
38.The Louisbourg Medal, 1758[168]
39.The First Union Flag, 1776[174]
40.The Pennsylvania Flag, 1776[176]
41.Arms of the Washington Family[177]
42.Washington's Book-Plate[178]
43.Washington's Seals[179]
44.Fort George and the Port of New York in 1770[187]
45.Royal Arms of George II.[190]
46.The Great Seal of Upper Canada, 1792[195]
47.Upper Canada Penny[198]
48.Draft "C" of Union Jack, 1800[200]
49.Royal Arms of George III., 1801[202]
50.Union Jack of George III., 1801[203]
51.Outline Jack—The Proper Proportions of the Crosses[209]
52.The Union Jack and Shackleton at Farthest South[213]
53.Square Union Jack[219]
54.Oblong Union Jack[220]
55.Flag of a French Caravel, 16th Century[223]
56.The Colonial Jack, 1701[226]
57.Jack of England, 1711[227]
58.Jack in Carolina, 1739[228]
59.The Combat between La Surveillante and the Quebec, 1779[229]
60.Ensign of 7th Royal Fusiliers, 1775[230]
61."King's Colour," 1781[231]
62.The War Medal, 1793-1814[236]
63.The Service Medal, Canada, 1866-1870[237]
64.The North-West Canada Medal, 1885[240]
65.Flag of the Governor-General of Canada[259]
66.Flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec[260]
67.Australian Emblems[283]
68.Australian Federation Badge[287]
69.Suggested Canadian Union Ensign[297]

[COLOURED PLATES.]

Page
Plate I. [Frontispiece]
1. English Jack—St. George's Crosse.
2. Scottish Jack—St. Andrew's Crosse.
3. Irish Jack—St. Patrick's Crosse.
Plate II. [22]
1. Germany.
2. Italy.
3. Greece.
4. Hawaii.
Plate III. [76]
1. The Percys' Ensign, 1560.
2. Union Jack of James I., 1606.
3. Colonial Union Jack, 1701.
Plate IV. [92]
1. Commonwealth Ensign, 1648.
2. Cromwell's "Great Union," 1658.
3. Ensign Red—Charles II., 1660.
Plate V. [118]
1. Union Jack of Anne, 1707.
2. Red Ensign of Anne, 1707.
3. Union Jack of George III., 1801.
Plate VI. [174]
1. Grand Union, 1776.
2. United States, 1777.
3. United States, 1909.
Plate VII. [218]
1. Present Union Jack upside down.
2. Jack wrongly made.
2. Jack wrongly made.
Plate VIII. [272]
1. Red Ensign.
2. White Ensign.
3. Blue Ensign.
Plate IX. [280]
1. Canadian Union Ensign.
2. Australian Union Ensign.
3. New Zealand Union Ensign.