Of the judicial power.
Art. 51. The Emperor appoints all the judges. They are for life, and irremovable, from the instant of their appointment; the nomination of judges of the peace, and of commerce, excepted, which will take place as heretofore.
The present judges, appointed by the Emperor agreeably to the decree of the senate of the 12th of October, 1807, and whom he may think proper to retain, will receive appointments for life before the 1st of January next.
Art. 52. The institution of juries is retained.
Art. 53. The debating of criminal causes is to be public.
Art. 54. Military crimes alone are amenable to military tribunals.
Art. 55. All other crimes, even if committed by military men, are under the jurisdiction of the civil tribunals.
Art. 56. All crimes and offences, that were amenable to the high imperial court, and the trial of which is not reserved by the present act for the chamber of peers, are to be carried before the ordinary tribunals.
Art. 57. The Emperor has the right of pardoning, even in correctional cases, and of granting amnesties.
Art. 58. The interpretations of laws demanded by the court of cassation shall be given in the form of a law.