A great statesman might, by judicious and timely reformations, by reconciling the two great branches of the natural aristocracy, the capitalists and the landowners, and by so widening the base of the government as to interest in its defence the whole of the middle class, that brave, honest, and sound-hearted class, which is as anxious for the maintenance of order and the security of property, as it is hostile to corruption and oppression, succeed in averting a struggle to which no rational friend of liberty or of law can look forward without great apprehensions. There are those who will be contented with nothing but demolition; and there are those who shrink from all repair. There are innovators who long for a President and a National Convention; and there are bigots who, while cities larger and richer than the capitals of many great kingdoms are calling out for representatives to watch over their interests, select some hackneyed jobber in boroughs, some peer of the narrowest and smallest mind, as the fittest depositary of a forfeited franchise. Between these extremes there lies a more excellent way. Time is bringing round another crisis analogous to that which occurred in the seventeenth century. We stand in a situation similar to that in which our ancestors stood under the reign of James the First. It will soon again be necessary to reform that we may preserve, to save the fundamental principles of the Constitution by alterations in the subordinate parts. It will then be possible, as it was possible two hundred years ago, to protect vested rights, to secure every useful institution, every institution endeared by antiquity and noble associations, and, at the same time, to introduce into the system improvements harmonizing with the original plan. It remains to be seen whether two hundred years have made us wiser.
We know of no great revolution which might not have been prevented by compromise early and graciously made. Firmness is a great virtue in public affairs; but it has its proper sphere. Conspiracies and insurrections in which small minorities are engaged, the outbreakings of popular violence unconnected with any extensive project or any durable principle, are best repressed by vigour and decision. To shrink from them is to make them formidable. But no wise ruler will confound the pervading taint with the slight local irritation. No wise ruler will treat the deeply seated discontents of a great party, as he treats the fury of a mob which destroys mills and power-looms. The neglect of this distinction has been fatal even to governments strong in the power of the sword. The present time is indeed a time of peace and order. But it is at such a time that fools are most thoughtless and wise men most thoughtful. That the discontents which have agitated the country during the late and the present reign, and which, though not always noisy, are never wholly dormant, will again break forth with aggravated symptoms, is almost as certain as that the tides and seasons will follow their appointed course. But in all movements of the human mind which tend to great revolutions there is a crisis at which moderate concession may amend, conciliate, and preserve. Happy will it be for England if, at that crisis, her interests be confided to men for whom history has not recorded the long series of human crimes and follies in vain.
END OF VOL. 1.
INDEX
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: The 1860 six volume print set had the index for all six volumes at the end to volume six. This PG edition has the complete index for all volumes at the end of each volume.
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [XYZ]
A.
A priori reasoning, [8] [9] [10] [20] [21] [59]
Abbt and abbot, difference between, [76]
Academy, character of its doctrines, [411]
Academy, French, (the), [2] [3] ; has been of no benefit to literature, [23] ; its treatment of Corneille and Voltaire, [23] [21] ; the scene of the fiercest animosities, [23]
Academy of the Floral Games, at Toulouse, [136] [137] ; Acting, Garrick's, quotation from Fielding illustrative of, i. 332; the true test of excellence in,[133]
Adam, Robert, court architect to George III., [11]
Addington, Henry, speaker of the House of Commons, [282] ; made First Lord of the Treasury, [282] ; his administration, [282] [281] ; coolness between him and Pitt, [285] [286] ; their quarrel, [287] ; his resignation, [290] [112] ; raised to the Peerage, [112] ; raised to the Peerage, [293]
Addison, Joseph, review of Miss Aikin's life of, [321] [122] ; his character, [323] [321] ; sketch of his father's life, [321] [325] ; his birth and early life, [325] [327] ; appointed to a scholarship in Magdalene College, Oxford, [327] ; his classical attainments, [327] [330] ; his Essay on the Evidences of Christianity, [330] ; his Latin poems, [331] [332] ; contributes a preface to Dryden's Georgies, [335] ; his intention to take orders frustrated. [335] ; sent by the government to the Continent, [333] ; his introduction to Boileau, [310] ; leaves Paris and proceeds to Venice, [311] [315] ; his residence in Italy, [315] [350] ; composes his Epistle to Montague (then Lord Halifax), [350] ; his prospects clouded by the death of William III., [351] ; becomes tutor to a young English traveller, [351] ; writes his Treatise on Medals, [351] ; repairs to Holland, [351] ; returns to England, [351] ; his cordial reception and introduction into the Kit Cat Club, [351] ; his pecuniary difficulties, [352] ; engaged by Godolphin to write a poem in honour of Marlborough's exploits, [351] [355] ; is appointed to a Commissionership, [355] ; merits of his "Campaign," [356] ; criticism of his Travels in Italy, [329] [359] ; his opera of Rosamond, [361] ; is made Undersecretary of State, and accompanies the Earl of Halifax to Hanover, [361] [302] ; his election to the House of Commons, [362] ; his failure as a speaker, [362] ; his popularity and talents for conversation, [365] [367] ; his timidity and constraint among strangers, [367] ; his favorite associates, [368] [371] ; becomes Chief Secretary for Ireland under Wharton, [371] ; origination of the Tatler, [373] [371] ; his characteristics as a writer, [373] [378] ; compared with Swift and Voltaire as a master of the art of ridicule, [377] [379] ; his pecuniary losses, [382] [383] ; loss of his Secretaryship, [382] ; resignation of his Fellowship, [383] ; encouragement and disappointment of his advances towards a great lad [383] ; returned to Parliament without a contest, [383] ; his Whig Examiner, [384] ; intercedes with the Tories on behalf of Ambrose Phillipps and Steele, [384] ; his discontinuance of the Tatler and commencement of the Spectator, [384] ; his part in the Spectator, [385] ; his commencement and discontinuance of the Guardian, [389] ; his Cato, [345] [390] [394] [365] [366] ; his intercourse with Pope, [394] [395] ; his concern for Steele, [396] ; begins a new series of the Spectator, [397] ; appointed secretary to the Lords Justices of the Council on the death of Queen Anne. [397] ; again appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, [399] ; his relations with Swift and Tickell, [399] [400] ; removed to the Board of Trade, [401] ; production of his Drummer, [401] ; his Freeholder, [402] ; his estrangement from Pope, [403] [404] ; his long courtship of the Countess Dowager of Warwick and union with her, [411] [412] ; takes up his abode at Holland House, [412] ; appointed Secretary of State bv Sunderland, [413] ; failure of his health, [413] [418] ; resigns his post, [413] ; receives a pension, [414] ; his estrangement from Steele and other friends, [414] [415] ; advocates the bill for limiting the number of Peers, [415] ; refutation of a calumny upon him, [417] ; intrusts his works to Tickell, and dedicates them to Greggs, [418] ; sends for Gay on his death-bed to ask his forgiveness, [418] [419] ; his death and funeral, [420] ; Tickell's eulogy on his death, [421] ; superb edition of his works, [421] ; his monument in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, [422] ; praised by Dryden, [369]
Addison, Dr. Lancelot, sketch of his life, [325] [325]
Adiaphorists, a sect of German Protestants, [7] [8]
Adultery, how represented by the Dramatists of the Restoration, [357]
Advancement of Learning, by Bacon, its publication, [383]
Æschines, his character, [193] [194]
Æschylus and the Greek Drama, [210] [229]
Afghanistan, the monarchy of, analogous to that of England in the 10th century, [29] ; bravery of its inhabitants, [23] ; the English the only army in India which could compete with them, [30] ; their devastation in India, [207]
Agricultural and manufacturing laborers, comparison of their condition, [145] [148]
Agitjari, the singer, [256]
Aiken, Miss, review of her Life of Addison, [321] [422]
Aix, its capture, [244]
Akenside, his epistle to Curio, [183]
Alcibiades, suspected of assisting at a mock celebration of the Eleusinian mysteries, [49]
Aldrich, Dean, [113]
Alexander the Great compared with Clive, [297]
Altieri, his greatness, [61] ; influence of Dante upon his style, [61] [62] ; comparison between him and Cowper, [350] ; his Rosmunda contrasted with Shakspere's Lady Macbeth, [175] ; influence of Plutarch and the writers of his school upon, i. 401. [401]
Allahabad, [27]
Allegories of Johnson and Addison, [252]
Allegory, difficulty of making it interesting, [252]
Allegro and Penseroso, [215]
Alphabetical writing, the greatest of human inventions, [453] ; comparative views of its value by Plato and Bacon, [453] [454]
America, acquisitions of the Catholic Church in, [300] ; its capabilities, [301]
American Colonies, British, war with them, [57] [59] ; act for imposing stamp duties upon them, [58] [65] ; their disaffection, [76] ; revival of the dispute with them, [105] ; progress of their resistance, [106]
Anabaptists, their origin, [12]
Anacharsis, reputed contriver of the potter's wheel, [438]
Analysis, critical not applicable with exactness to poetry, [325] ; but grows more accurate as criticism improves, [321]
Anaverdy Khan, governor of tlie Carnatic, [211]
Angria, his fortress of Gheriah reduced by Clive, [228]
Anne, Queen, her political and religious inclinations, [130] ; changes in her government in 1710, [130] ; relative estimation bv the Whigs and the Tories of her reign, [133] [140] ; state of parties at her accession, v. 352, [352] [353] ; dismisses the Whigs, [381] [382] ; change in the conduct of public affairs consequent on her death, [397] ; touches Johnson for the king's evil, [173] ; her cabinet during the Seven Years' War, [410]
Antijacobin Review, (the new), vi. 405; contrasted with the Antijacobin, [400] [407]
Antioch, Grecian eloquence at, [301]
Anytus, [420]
Apostolical succession, Mr. Gladstone claims it for the Church of England, [100] ; to 178. [178]
Apprentices, negro, in the West Indies, [307] [374] [370] [378] [383]
Aquinas, Thomas, [478]
Arab fable of the Great Pyramid, [347]
Arbuthnot's Satirical Works, [377]
Archimedes, his slight estimate of his inventions, [450]
Archytas, rebuked by Plato, [449]
Arcot, Nabob of, his relations with England, [211] [219] ; his claims recognized by the English, [213]
Areopagitiea, Milton's allusion to, [204]
Argyle, Duke of, secedes from Walpole's administration, [204]
Arimant, Dryden's, [357]
Ariosto, [60]
Aristophanes, [352] ; his clouds a true picture of the change in his countrymen's character, [383]
Aristotle, his authority impaired by the Reformation, [440] ; the most profound critic of antiquity, [140] [141] ; his doctrine in regard to poetry, [40] ; the superstructure of his treatise on poetry not equal to its plan, [140]
Arithmetic, comparative estimate of, by Plato and by Bacon, [448]
Arlington, Lord, his character, [30] ; his coldness for the Triple Alliance, [37] ; his impeachment, [50]
Armies in the middle ages, how constituted, [282] [478]
a powerful restraint on the regal power, [478] ; subsequent change in this respect, [479]
Arms, British, successes of, against the French in 1758, [244] [247]
Army, (the) control of, by Charles I., or by the Parliament, [489] ; its triumph over both, [497] ; danger of a standing army becoming an instrument of despotism, [487]
Arne, Dr., set to music Addison's opera of Rosamund, [361]
Arragon and Castile, their old institutions favorable to public liberty iii. 80. [80]
Arrian, [395]
Art of War, Machiavelli's, [306]
Arundel, Earl of, iii. [434]
Asia, Central, its people, [28]
Asiatic Society, commencement of its career under Warren Hastings, [98]
Assemblies, deliberative, [2] [40]
Assembly, National, the French, [46] [48] [68] [71] [443] [446]
Astronomy, comparative estimate of by Socrates and by Bacon, [452]
Athenian jurymen, stipend of, [33] ; note; police, name of, i. 34, [34] ; note; magistrates, name of, who took cognisance of offences against religion, i. 53, [139] ; note.; orators, essay on, [139] [157] ; oratory unequalled, [145] ; causes of its excellence, [145] ; its quality, [151] [153] [156]
Johnson's ignorance of Athenian character, [146] [418] ; intelligence of the populace, and its causes, [140] [149] ; books the least part of their education, [147] ; what it consisted in, [148] ; their knowledge necessarily defective, [148] ; and illogical from its conversational character, [149] ; eloquence, history of, [151] [153] ; when at its height, [153] [154] ; coincidence between their progress in the art of war and the art of oratory, [155] ; steps by which Athenian oratory approached to finished excellence extemporaneous with those by which its character sank, [153] ; causes of this phenomenon, [154] ; orators, in proportion as they became more expert, grew less respectable in general character, [155] ; their vast abilities, [151] ; statesmen, their decline and its causes, [155] ; ostracism, [182] ; comedies, impurity of, [182] [2] ; reprinted at the two Universities, [182] ; iii. 2. [2]
"Athenian Revels," Scenes from, [30] ; to: [54]
Athenians (the) grew more sceptical with the progress of their civilization, [383] ; the causes of their deficiencies in logical accuracy, [383] [384]
Johnson's opinion of them, [384] [418]
Athens, the most disreputable part of, i. 31, note ; favorite epithet of, i. 30, [30] ; note; her decline and its characteristics, [153] [154] Mr. Clifford's preference of Sparta over, [181] ; contrasted with Sparta, [185] [187] ; seditions in, [188] ; effect of slavery in, [181] ; her liturgic system, [190] ; period of minority in, [191] [192] ; influence of her genius upon the world, [200] [201]
Attainder, an act of, warrantable, [471]
Atterbury, Francis, life of, vi. [112] [131] ; his youth, [112] ; his defence of Luther, [113] ; appointed a royal chaplain, [113] ; his share in the controversy about the Letters of Phalaris, [115] [119] [110] ; prominent as a high-churchman, [119] [120] ; made Dean of Carlisle, [120] ; defends Sacheverell, [121] ; made Dean of Christ Church, [121] ; desires to proclaim James II., [122] ; joins the opposition, [123] ; refuses to declare for the Protestant succession, [123] ; corresponds with the Pretender, [123] [124] ; his private life, [124] [125] [129] ; reads the funeral service over the body of Addison, [124] [420] ; imprisoned for his part in the Jacobite conspiracy, [125] ; his trial and sentence, [120] [127] ; his exile, [128] [129] ; his favor with the Pretender, [129] [130] ; vindicates himself from the charge of having garbled Clarendon's history, [130] ; his death and burial, [131]
Attila, [300]
Attributes of God,subtle speculations touching them imply no high degree of intellectual culture, [303] [304] "
Aubrey, his charge of corruption against Bacon, [413]
Bacon's decision against him after his present, [430]
Augsburg, Confession of, its adoption in Sweden, [329]
Augustin, St., iv. 300. [300]
Attrungzebe, his policy, [205] [206]
Austen, Jane, notice of, [307] [308]
Austin, Sarah, her character as a translator, [299] [349]
Austria, success of her armies in the Catholic cause, [337]
Authors, their present position, [190] ; to: [197]
Avignon, the Papal Court transferred from Rome to, [312]
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