[162]. Enc. of Soc. Reform, p. 1392.
[163]. His work on “Social Elements,” p. 162.
[164]. “Statistics of Railways, 1890,” p. 58.
[165]. I italicized the words.
[166]. Dr. Spahr, ibid., pp. 41, 42. The total capitalization of railroads in 1890 was represented by $9,437,300,000, while the total investment amounted to only $3,714,400,000. And Mr. Van Oss stated that “shares now return at least 18 per cent per annum on the actual investment.” Ibidem.
[167]. Dr. Spahr, ibid., p. 143. The total incomes in the table of taxes above represented are gross incomes.
[168]. Statistics, World Almanac, 1899, p. 165.
[169]. Dr. Spahr, “Present Distribution of Wealth in the United States,” p. 143-4.
[170]. Ib., p. 156-7.