[Sidenote: Deep bay.]
[Sidenote: Barrow's Bay.]
There are two deep indentures, one on each side of the island; that on the west has at least one hundred fathoms depth, and appears to have no coral in it: while the eastern bight is extremely shallow, and is not only skirted by a broad fringe of coral, but has reefs in the centre; and these last are very dangerous, for they give no warning either by breakers or discoloration of the water, or by soundings: and this remark will apply generally to all the reefs round this island, rendering the navigation, particularly at night, very dangerous.
[Sidenote: General caution respecting coral reefs.]
[Sidenote: Sugar Loaf or Eegooshcoond.]
The most remarkable headland is the island called by Captain Broughton the Sugar Loaf, and by the natives Eegooshcoond (tower or castle); it can be seen distinctly at the distance of twenty-five miles when the eye is elevated only fifteen feet. It is a high conical mountain, varying very little in its aspect when viewed from different quarters: as there is no other peak like it on or near this island, it cannot be mistaken. The latitude of the peak is 26º 43' north; and I have reason to believe that this is within one mile of the truth. Its longitude is 127º 44', or 6' east of the observatory at Napakiang, by two chronometers. The base of the cone and one-third of the way up is covered with houses; and the whole island has the appearance of a garden. When nearly on the meridian of the Sugar Loaf its top seems rounded off.
[Sidenote: Two safe anchoring places.]
[Sidenote: Geographical position of Napakiang.]
There are two places where ships can ride in safety, Napakiang Roads on the south-west, and Port Melville on the north-west side of the island. The first of these is the one in which his majesty's ships Alceste and Lyra lay for upwards of a month. By means of a base of 1319 feet on a coral reef, which dried at half ebb, we were enabled to make the survey which accompanies this notice. The latitude of the observatory was determined to be 26º 13' 34" north, the mean of three meridian altitudes of the sun by a sextant of Cary's, and five by a circle of Troughton's, the extreme difference being 20". The longitude is 127º 38' east; this was ascertained by measuring the difference of longitude between the observatory and Lintin Island off Canton river in a run of six days; on which occasion two chronometers on board the Lyra gave within one mile the same difference of longitude, viz. 13º 50', with that shewn by two others on board his majesty's ship Alceste; the longitude of Lintin being 113º 48' east of Greenwich. The longitude, by lunar observations, is 127º 37' 28". The plan of Napakiang roads will be found sufficient without many directions for ships wishing to enter it. The principal danger lies in the outer reefs, which do not show when the weather is very fine and there is little swell; on such occasions a boat ought to go a-head at least a quarter of a mile, and the ship should put about instantly upon approaching the reefs, which are every where bold. A ship coming from the westward ought to steer between the north-eastern of the group of high islands to the south-westward, and a low green island with extensive reefs to the northward, in latitude 26º 15' north. On passing which she should haul up east by south, giving Reef Island a birth of at least a mile.
[Sidenote: Plan of Napakiang.]