[1] Phædrus, 275.
[2] Phædrus, 276-7.
[3] Meno, 97-8.
[V]
THE NATURAL SCIENCES
The natural sciences as empirical concepts, and their practical nature.
The natural sciences are nothing but edifices of pseudoconcepts, and precisely of that sort of pseudoconcept that we have distinguished from the others as empirical or representative.
This is evident also from the definitions that they assume as sciences of phenomena, in opposition to philosophy, the science of noumena; and as sciences of facts, again in opposition to philosophy, which is taken to be the science of values. But the pure phenomenon is not known to science; it is represented by art: and the noumena, in so far as they are known, are also phenomena, since it would be arbitrary to break up unity and synthesis. In like manner, true values are facts, and, on the other hand, facts without the determination of value and of universality dissolve again into pure phenomena. Hence it is possible to conclude that those sciences offer neither pure phenomena nor mere facts, but, on the contrary, develop representative concepts, which are not intuitions, but spiritual formations of a practical nature.