[21] All thick walled type; not all supplied with fuses.

[22] Shrapnel only.

The following table lists the name of each manufacturer of the various types and sizes of shell for big guns and states the quantity turned out by each:

Contractor.Forgings.Machinings.
Quantity ordered to Nov. 1, 1918.Quantity accepted to Nov. 1, 1918.Quantity ordered to Nov. 1, 1918.Quantity accepted to Nov. 1, 1918.
3-inch antiaircraft high-explosive shell.
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio1,938,806135,435
John Inglis Co., Toronto, Ontario500,000131,542
Saskatchewan Bridge & Iron Works, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan84,000
West Shell & Box Co., North Edmonton, Alberta83,000
Manitoba B. & I. Co., Winnipeg, Manitoba83,000
Medicine Hat P. & B. Co., Medicine Hat, Alberta83,000
Dominion Bridge Co., Winnipeg, Manitoba84,000
Salisbury Wheel & Axle Co., Jamestown, N. Y.500,0001,097
3-inch antiaircraft shrapnel.
Symington Machine Corporation, Rochester, N. Y.1,052,0991,013,1991,000,0001,000,000
75-millimeter antiaircraft high-explosive shell.
Moline Forge Co., Moline, Ill.939,866540,532
Jackson Munitions, Jackson, Mich.225,000
Spencer Engine Co., Toledo, Ohio500,00028,293
Chamberlain Machine Works, Waterloo, Iowa365,00023,669
75-millimeter antiaircraft shrapnel.
Symington Manufacturing Co., Rochester, N. Y.672,625672,625672,625672,625
75-millimeter gas and high-explosive shell.
T. A. Gillespie, Parlin, N. J.1,400,0001,400,0001,400,0001,977,149
American International Corporation, New York City3,000,0002,433,438
American Can Co., New York City7,000,0002,563,1514,000,000399,728
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio12,000,0004,455,090
Valley Forge Co., Verona, Pa.4,000,000880,263
New York Air Brake Co., New York City2,000,000192,7741,300,00017,652
Worthington Pump Machine Co., New York City2,650,0001,473,9292,660,000634,159
The Canadian Allis-Chalmers Co., Toronto, Ontario2,267,0621,802,117435140,647
Canada Car & Foundry Co., Montreal, Quebec1,656,3021,592,877
A. P. Smith Co., Orange, N. J.125,000
S. A. Wood Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass.1,500,000405,344
Vermont Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, Vt.750,000188,300
American Machinery Corporation, Port Huron, Mich.200,000
Consolidated Car Heating Co., Albany, N. Y.810,000181,885
Wire Wheel Corporation, Springfield, Mass.300,00071,239
The Canadian Crocker Wheeler, St. Catherines, Ontario475,000160,935
Lachine Manufacturing Co., Lachine, Quebec660,000255,264
The Electric Steel & Metal Co., Welland, Ontario11,45811,458
J. Bertram & Co., Dundas, Ontario100,00051,141
Canadian Fairbanks Morse, Toronto1,584,5481,377,800
W. H. Banfield & Sons, Toronto1,620,000670,000
Canadian Bridge Co., Walkerville, Ontario1,450,000456,993
Canadian Metal Co., Toronto3,250,0001,154,371
Goldie & McCullough, Galt, Ontario1,100,000921,206410,00061,476
John Inglis Co., Toronto1,700,000775,03375,00042,400
Cluff Ammunition Co., Toronto600,000509,343
G. W. McFarland Engineering Co., Paris, Ontario1,500,000285,335
Dayton, Ohio, Products Co., New York City3,500,000732,842
E. W. Bliss Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.1,300,000701,804
Lymburner (Ltd.) Co., Montreal, Quebec800,000630,9782,474,0001,126,556
Moline Forging & Machining Co., Moline, Ill.1,500,000471,281
Laconia Car Co., Laconia, N. H.550,000
Symington Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y.4,025,0006,025,0001,200,686
Roberts Filter Co., Darby, Pa.600,000151,975
Auto Transportation Co., Buffalo, N. Y.350,000107,441
Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal, Quebec795,000301,144
Canadian Ingersoll Rand Co., Sherbrooke, Quebec1,100,000290,431
Steel Co. of Canada, Brantford, Ontario515,000162,399
Allis-Chalmers Co., Milwaukee, Wis.1,520,000347,635
Jackson Munitions, Jackson, Mich.775,00067,570
Maxwell Motor Co., Detroit, Mich.800,00061,761
Batavia Steel Products, Batavia, N. Y.1,175,000311,417
Wheeling Mold & Foundry, Wheeling, W. Va.500,000118,496
Eddystone Munitions, Eddystone, Pa.1,000,000190,100
Lachine Manufacturing Co., Lachine, Quebec
The International Clay & Machine, Dayton, Ohio124,0003,812
Smead & Co., Jersey City, N. J.1,100,000246,841
Manufacturing Production Co., Dayton, Ohio1,600,000340,885
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Chicago, Ill.250,000132,321
Mueller Manufacturing Co., Port Huron, Mich.500,00078,300
The Westfield Manufacturing Co., Westfield, Mass.1,740,000413,578
The Platt Iron Works, Dayton, Ohio1,600,000170,312
The Mueller Metal Co., Wayne, Mich.750,000
75-millimeter field-gun shrapnel.
American Can Co., New York City969,039969,039904,067904,067
Eddystone Munitions Co., Eddystone, Pa.769,961769,961750,000750,000
Bartlett-Hayward Co., Baltimore, Md.6,565,5194,272,9006,200,0003,492,863
Symington Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y.5,459,3784,868,9428,375,0003,329,025
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.650,0004,713750,0004,713
Laconia Car Co., Laconia, N. H.450,000369,483
Bossert Corporation, Utica, N. Y.200,000
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio2,285,00010,000
Canada Forge Co., Welland, Ontario730,000
The Liberty Ordnance Co., Bridgeport, Conn.1,000,00027,000
155-millimeter howitzer high-explosive shell, Mark I, type B.
Whittaker Glessner, Portsmouth, Ohio130,000137,406
American Rolling Mills, Middletown, Ohio100,00049,785
Pressed Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh Pa.600,000552,867
American Car & Foundry Co., New York City2,800,0001,110,964
New York Air Brake Co., New York City350,0001,158138,316
Wm. Wharton Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Pa.280,00061,224
Standard Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.450,000
Standard Forging Co., Chicago, Ill.21,141
Curtis & Co., Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo.500,000404,645
American Steel Foundry Co., Chicago, Ill.412,042412,042
Midvale Steel & Ordnance Co., Philadelphia, Pa.130,000130,000
Detroit Shell Co., Detroit, Mich.500,00045,563
J. J. Cavrick, Batavia, N. Y.300,00092,974
Standard Sanitary Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.600,00094,409
Potter & Johnson, Pawtucket, R. I.175,000
North American Motor Co., Pottstown, Pa.30,00029,446
Minneapolis Steel & Machine Co., Minneapolis, Minn.400,000245,344
W. J. Oliver Manufacturing Co., Knoxville, Tenn.130,00088,662
Twin City Forge & Foundry Co., Stillwater, Minn.600,00054,483
Winslow Bros. Co., Chicago, Ill.600,000176,081
American Brake Shoe & Foundry Co., New York City750,000184,697
American Clay & Machine Co., Bucyrus, Ohio700,000
Elyria Machine Co., Elyria, Ohio100,00032,139
American Machine & Manufacturing Co., Atlanta, Ga.240,00075,063
Haroun Motor Corporation, Wayne, Mich.200,00023,899
Wagner Electric Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo.300,00012,569
155-millimeter howitzer high-explosive shell, Mark IV, type D.
National Tube Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.800,00048,263
P. Lyall & Sons, Montreal, Quebec400,0004,774150,0002,559
National Iron Works, Toronto, Ontario400,0009,137
Dominion Steel Foundry, Hamilton, Ontario400,00023,270
Studebaker Corporation, Detroit, Mich.800,000800,000
Fairfax Forge Co., Montreal, Quebec400,000150,000
Pressed Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.1,000,00015,122
Cleveland Crane Co., Wickliffe, Ohio500,000
Bethlehem Steel Co., South Bethlehem, Pa.600,000139,103
G. W. McFarland, Paris, Ontario370,000521
LaClede Gas Light Co., St. Louis, Mo.850,000850,000
Standard Forging Co., Chicago, Ill.500,000
Whittaker Glessner Co., Portsmouth, Ohio900,00031,909
Curtis & Co., St. Louis, Mo.130,000
Warden King & Co., Montreal, Quebec180,000
John Inglis Co., Toronto, Ontario400,000
Canada Iron Foundry Co., Montreal, Quebec100,000100,000
Cluff Ammunition Co., Toronto, Ontario500,000
Taylor Forbes (Ltd.), Toronto, Ontario90,000
Moon Motor Co., St. Louis, Mo.200,000
Standard Sanitary, Pittsburgh, Pa.150,000
Holden Morgan Thread Co., Toronto, Ontario100,000
E. Leonard & Sons, London, Ontario80,000
Otis Fenson Elevator Co., Hamilton, Ontario200,000
Dominion Copper Products, Montreal, Quebec150,0002,056
Caron Bros., Montreal, Quebec125,000235
Potter & Johnson, Pawtucket, R. I.350,000
Biscoe Motor, Jackson, Mich.325,000
Hudson Motor, Detroit, Mich.400,000
Munition & M. N. (Ltd.), Sorel50,000
John Bartram Sons, Dundas, Ontario450,000
155-millimeter howitzer gas shell.
American Rolling Mills, Middletown, Ohio500,000492,399
Midvale Steel & Ordnance Co., Philadelphia, Pa.120,00096,799
American Radiator Co., Washington, D. C.625,000500416,667
Wilson Foundry & Machine Co., Pontiac, Mich.400,000300,000
Rathbone Sard & Co., Aurora, Ill.600,000400,000
155-millimeter gun high-explosive shell, Mark III, type B.
Standard Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.1,000,000568,0921,000,000431,238
Whittaker Glessner Co., Portsmouth, Ohio350,471350,471
Standard Forging Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind.800,000730,950
Mead Morris & Co., Gloucester, Mass.300,0002,056
Twin City Forge & Foundry Co., Stillwater, Minn.425,000136,053
Chicago Rlg. Equipment Co., Chicago, Ill.400,00023,356
Minneapolis Steel & Machine Co., Minneapolis, Minn.200,00041,254
International Arms & Fuse, Bloomfleld, N. J.500,000310,130
North American Motors, Pottstown, Pa.70,000
Potter & Johnson, Pawtucket, R. I.100,00073,836
Templer Motor Co., Cleveland, Ohio450,00045,014
New York Air Brake Co., New York City211,684
Jackson Munitions, Jackson, Mich.177,50025,981
Pullman Co., Pullman, Ill.300,000
New Home Sewing Machine Co., Orange, Mass.200,000
155-millimeter gun high-explosive shell, Mark V, type D.
Symington Chicago Corporation, Chicago, Ill.1,000,000805,000
American Rolling Mills, Middletown, Ohio755,00036,161
Milton Manufacturing Co., Milton, Pa.10,000
Whittaker Glessner Co., Portsmouth, Ohio750,000
Dominion Foundry & Steel Co., Hamilton, Ontario500,000
Winslow Bros., Chicago, Ill.400,000
Grant Motor Car Co., Cleveland, Ohio260,000
Cribbon Sexton Co., Chicago, Ill.200,000
155-millimeter gun gas shell.
Bethlehem Steel Co., South Bethlehem, Pa.100,00092,430
Kohler Co., Kohler, Wis.850,000100657,000100
American Radiator Co., Washington, D. C.125,00083,333
Whittaker Glessner Co., Portsmouth, Ohio5,0005,000
American Car & Foundry Co., New York City1,350,00063,914
155-millimeter gun and howitzer shrapnel.
Dayton, Ohio, Production Co., Dayton, Ohio850,000131,329
Wm. Wharton, jr., Philadelphia, Pa.540,947345,457
Bartlett-Hayward Co., Baltimore, Md.200,0001,600,000135,590
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.100,000
3.8-inch howitzer shell.
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.1,0001,00015,92811,757
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio105,000
F. R. Wilford & Co.105,000
3.8-inch howitzer shrapnel.
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.18,52214,26443,52214,264
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio35,000
4.72-inch shell.
National Tube Co., Christie Pks. Works12,5005,614
United States Government1,8501,8501,8501,850
Buffalo Pitts Co., Buffalo, N. Y.12,705
Twin City Forge, Stillwater, Minn.2,500
4.7-inch antiaircraft shell.
National Tube Co., Christie Pks. Works230,000188,495
Maritime Manufacturing Co., Montreal, Quebec100,000
Spartan Manufacturing Co., Montreal, Quebec46,00045,159
Darling Bros., Montreal, Quebec42,50015,060
Alberta Foundry & Machinery Co., Alberta42,5006,170
4.7-inch antiaircraft shrapnel.
The E. W. Bliss Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.10,000
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.60,00060,000
National Tube Co., Christie Pks. Works100,00042,840
Alberta Foundry & Machinery Co., Alberta42,500
4.7-inch drill projectile.
Grand Rapids Brass Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.2,9754042,975405
4.7-inch gun gas shell.
Milton Manufacturing Co., Milton, Pa.400,000194,612400,00092,342
American Radiator Co., Buffalo, N. Y.189,360
4.7-inch gun shrapnel.
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.22,89722,44022,89722,440
Bartlett-Hayward Co., Baltimore, Md.312,005327,183701,500306,635
National Tube Co., Christie Pks. Works754,777338,507
Metal Production Co., Beaver, Pa.150,00011,264
4.7-inch howitzer shell.
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.87,83326,61487,83326,614
4.7-inch howitzer shrapnel.
Bartlett-Hayward, Baltimore, Md.46,11546,29440,00040,000
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.79,86519,99979,86520,379
4.7-inch gun high-explosive shell.
National Tube Co., Christie Pks. Works1,284,848908,543
Allegheny Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.900,000435,978
The E. W. Bliss Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.10,000
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.40,28612,04740,28612,047
Milton Manufacturing Co., Milton, Pa.700,000351,731700,000285,000
Hydraulic Pressed Steel Co., Cleveland, Ohio200,000
Darling Bros., Montreal, Quebec65,000
Spartan Machine Co., Montreal, Quebec165,000
Robb Engineering Co., Amherst, N. J.95,0003,720
Motor Trucks Co., Brantford, Ontario205,00011,083
P. Lyall & Sons, Montreal, Quebec845,000318,578
Steel Products Co., Huntington, W. Va.100,0009,023
Armstrong Ck. Co., Lancaster, Pa.475,00020,238
Campbell Howard Machine Co., Sherbrooke, Quebec350,000
Thurlow Steel Works, Chester, Pa.136,50035,116
Bell Manufacturing Co., Fairmount, Ind.75,0005,289
Buffalo Pitts Co., Buffalo, N. Y.350,00070,975
Indiana Fiber Co., Marion, Ind.75,00012,520
Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton, Ontario300,00094,156
Ry. Ind. Engineering Co., Greensburg, Pa.100,00034,347
Sherbrooke Ironworks, Sherbrooke60,00014,026
Bridgeport Project Co., Bridgeport, Conn.20,00016,802
American & British Manufacturing Co., Bridgeport, Conn.87,31957,932
Maritime Manufacturing Co., St. Johns, New Brunswick100,000
Alberta Foundry & Machinery Co., Alberta50,000
8-inch gun and howitzer high-explosive and gas shell.
Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.561,548210,171
Root & Vandervoort Engineering Co., East Moline, Ill.40,00040,928190,000144,815
Wagner Electrical & Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo.40,00040,000170,00048,586
McMyler Interstate Co., Cleveland, Ohio500,000263,674450,000238,470
Pollak Steel Co., New York City100,000
Curtis & Co., St. Louis, Mo.295,000167,202
Midvale Steel & Ordnance Co., Philadelphia, Pa.140,000135,176
Standard Steel Car Co., Butler, Pa.100,0006,072
Pressed Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.250,000
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.360,000166,803
Willys Overland Co., Toledo, Ohio600,000
Motor Products Corporation, Detroit, Mich.100,000
British War Mission, Munsey Building, Washington, D. C.101,817100,277
Imperial Munitions Board, Ottawa8,6127,722
Pollak Steel Co., New York City75,00022,681
American Steel Foundry Co., Chicago, Ill.570,000247,649
Dominion Steel Foundry Co., Hamilton, Ontario100,00091,191
Canada Cement Co., Montreal, Quebec150,00022,304650,0004,700
British Forgings (Ltd.), Toronto, Ontario275,00024,933
Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal, Quebec150,00055,324
Standard Forging Co., Chicago, Ill.300,00038,659
Pressed Steel Car Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.250,00085,750
Wm. Wharton, jr., & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.125,000
Dominion Foundries & Co. (Ltd.), Hamilton, Ontario250,00010,746
American Brake Shoe & Foundry Co., New York City250,000197,250
Maritime Manufacturing Corporation, St. John, New Brunswick460,00026,000
9.2-inch howitzer high-explosive shell.
Russell Motor Car Co., Toronto, Ontario335,00015,049
St. Lawrence Bridge Co., Montreal335,00031,880
United States Ammunition Corporation, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.250,0006,486
Fisher Motor Co., Orilla, Ontario180,000100
Canadian Bridge Co., Walkersville, Ontario110,000
240-millimeter high-explosive shell.
Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.190,00092,316
Curtis & Co. Manufacturing Co., St. Louis, Mo.275,000174,174
American Car & Foundry Co., New York City90,000400,00047,953
American Steel Foundries Co., Chicago, Ill.80,0003,277
Scullin Steel Co., St. Louis, Mo.350,000
A. F. Smith Manufacturing Co., East Orange, N. J.25,000
Motors Truck (Ltd.), Brantford, Ontario125,000
Laclede Gas Light Co., St. Louis, Mo.526,014
5-inch seacoast gun shell.
Cleveland Crane & Engineering Co., Wickliffe, Ohio244,812122,324
McMyler Interstate Co., Cleveland, Ohio5,0005,107
Milton Manufacturing Co., Milton, Pa.30,00029,121
Machine Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio75,00021,532
A. J. Vance & Co., Winston-Salem, N. C.40,0001,578
Twin City & Foundry Co., Stillwater, Minn.400
A. B. Ormsby Co. (Ltd.), Toronto, Ontario50,00010,029
P. Tyrall Construction Co., Montreal105,00038,385
6-inch seacoast gun shell.
Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.40,95025,95740,95025,957
Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.16,00022,05316,00015,910
Columbian Iron Works, Chattanooga, Tenn.40,00040,346132,542149,281
The Pressed Steel Car Co., McKeesport, Pa.385,000370,677
Standard Steel Car Co., Hammond, Ind.400,000376,827
Anniston Steel Co., Anniston, Ala.243,812
Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.35,00031,310385,000192,684
Wm. Wharton, jr., Easton, Pa.24,000
The Southern Machinery Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.447,45819,537
10-inch seacoast gun shell.
American Car & Foundry Co., New York City24,36024,360275,000130,040
Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.60,00061,770
Carnegie Steel Co., Munhall, Pa.225,000137,168
12-inch seacoast gun shell.
Carnegie Steel Co., McKees Rocks, Pa.165,0007,627
Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, Mass.15,0001,449
Washington Steel & Ordnance Co., Giesboro Manor, D. C.28,6316,12938,0001,907
Leaside Munitions Corporation, Toronto, Ontario105,000105,000
Standard Forging Co., Chicago, Ill.15,000
Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.32,000
American Clay Machine Co., Bucyrus, Ohio15,000
14-inch seacoast gun shell.
Carnegie Steel Co., McKees Rocks, Pa.10,000220
Watertown Arsenal, Watertown, Mass.9,000
Washington Steel & Ordnance Co., Washington, D. C.80
16-inch seacoast howitzer shell.
Washington Steel & Ordnance Co., Washington, D. C.140140


CHAPTER VI.
SIGHTS AND FIRE-CONTROL APPARATUS.

At the threshold of the war with Germany we were confronted with the problem of providing on a large scale those instruments of precision with which modern artillerists point their weapons. As mysterious to the average man as the sextant and other instruments which help the navigator to bring his ship unerringly to port over leagues of pathless water, or as those devices with which the surveyor strikes a level through a range of mountains, are the instruments which enable the gunner to drop a heavy projectile exactly on his target without seeing it at all.

The old days of sighting a cannon point-blank at the visible enemy over the open sights on the barrel of the weapon passed with the Civil War. As the power of guns increased and their ranges lengthened, the artillerists began firing at objects actually below the horizon or hidden by intervening obstacles. These conditions necessarily brought in the method of mathematical aim which is known as indirect fire.