On the Improvement of the Understanding

by Benedictus de Spinoza

On the Improvement of the Understanding

(Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect)

by

Baruch Spinoza

[Benedict de Spinoza]

Translated by R. H. M. Elwes

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1 [On the Improvement of the Understanding]
3 [Of the ordinary objects of men's desires]
12 [Of the true and final good]
17 [Certain rules of life]
19 [Of the four modes of perception]
25 [Of the best mode of perception]
33 [Of the instruments of the intellect, or true ideas]
43 [Answers to objections]

First part of method:

50 [Distinction of true ideas from fictitious ideas]
64 [And from false ideas]
77 [Of doubt]
81 [Of memory and forgetfulness]
86 [Mental hindrances from words--and from the popular confusion
of ready imagination with distinct understanding.]