To LOCK UP A FORM is to drive quoins (wedges) in such a manner as to hold the type firmly in the chase.
To MAKE UP is to adjust the matter in pages of equal length, as nearly as may be, for imposition.
MATTER. Types set up, so as to form a word or words. When it is to be distributed (put back into the cases), it is known as “dead” matter. If not yet printed, or if destined for further use, it is called “live” matter.
OUT. A portion of a take, accidentally omitted by a compositor. An “out” is generally referable, as in the case of the “doublet,” to the recurrence of some word, or sequence of letters. For instance: a take had in it, “He injured his foot, by wearing a tight boot.” The proof had, only, “He injured his foot.” The compositor had the whole sentence in his mind; and having set the final letters “oot,” referred these to the last word, “boot,” and thought he had set the whole sentence.
QUÆRE, or QUERY, variously abbreviated, as Qu. Qy. or Qr., and sometimes represented by an interrogation point, is written in the margin of the proof-sheet, to draw the author’s attention to some passage about which the proof-reader is in doubt.
REVISE. The second proof is a revise of the first, the third is a revise of the second, etc. To REVISE is to compare the second, or any subsequent proof, with a preceding one, to see whether the proper corrections have been made.
SHOOTING-STICK. A wedge-shaped piece of wood for tightening and loosening the quoins that wedge up the pages in a chase.
SIGNATURE. A letter or figure at the bottom of the first page of every sheet. It denotes the proper order of the sheets in binding.
SPACE. If a line of type be divided by vertical planes into exact squares, each of these squares occupies the space of an em, or em-quadrat. Ems are used to indent common paragraphs, and to separate sentences in the same paragraph. {p204} The next thinner space is the en, or en-quadrat, which is one-half of the em. The next is one-third of the em, and is called the three-em space; next, one-fourth of the em is the four-em space; then, one-fifth of the em is the five-em space. Thinner than any of these is the hair-space. The three-em space is generally used in composition; the other sizes are needed in justifying.
STICK (COMPOSING-STICK). A frame of iron or steel, in which the compositor sets up the type. By means of a movable slide, it can be adjusted to the required length of line.