Pens and Types / or Hints and Helps for Those who Write, Print, Read, Teach, or Learn

by Benjamin Drew

• Canceled words, how restored, [29].
• Capitalization, [171]–194.
• Capitals and points, when to be mentioned by copy-holders, [45], [46], [55], [56].
• Capitals, Rules for use of, very flexible, [190].
• Captions, size of type, form of tables, etc., Directions for, furnished compositors and proof-readers, [37], [38].
• Caret, The, [121].
• Cedilla, The, [122].
• Chirography, Mercantile, [24], [26].
• Circumflex accent, [121].
• Close attention to revising, [47].
• Close pointing, [80].
• Colon, [97], [98].
• Comma between subject and predicate, [77]–79.
• Comma, rules for use of, [100]–112.
• Comma, use of, depending on taste in many cases, [80].
• Compositors and proof-readers punctuate, [36].
• Compositors and proof-readers should punctuate, if author neglects, [71].
• Compositors’ names on proofs, [46].
• Copy for printers, black ink on white paper, [31].
• Copy-holders’ duty, [41].
• Copy to be followed closely in doubtful cases, [123].
• Correcting proof-sheets, Marks used in, [43], [45].
• Correctly spelled list of doubtful words, Webster style, [127]–140.
• Correctly spelled list of doubtful words, Worcester style, [141]–154.
• Court, Records of, [51].
• Court, Transcripts of Records of, with extraneous documents, [25].

• Dash, the, [89]–91.
• Dash, the, Rules for use of, [114]–118.
• Dash, used too freely by writers for the press, [90].
• D.D., LL.D., M.D., [181], [182].
• Difficulty of drawing line between words “up” and words “down,” [183]–189.
• “Directions” for style of any work, frequently consulted, [37].
• “Directions,” Samples of, [38]–40.
• Discussion of various modes of spelling same word, [126].
• Distributing type, [33]; results of error in, [34].
• Diversities of grammar and idiom—of orthography, etc., Smithsonian Institution might settle all controversies by Bureau of Language, whose rulings should be adopted in Governmental publications, [65].
• Division of words on vowels or syllables, [87], [88].
• Division of words—to be avoided or not, [89].
• Doubtful orthography; double column lists in dictionaries, [125], [126].
• Doubtful words, query to author or editor, [31].
• Dr. Johnson and proof-reader, [32].
• Duty of copy-holder, [41].

• Eccentricities of orthography, punctuation, cap­i­tal­i­za­tion, etc., recorded for reference by proof-reader, while a work is in progress, [37].
• ei and ie, Rule for, [169].
• Ellipsis, or Omission, Marks of, [121].
• Employé or Employee, [39].
• English Grammar defined, [72].
• Ensure and Insure dif­fer­en­tiated, [170].
• Enure and Inure dif­fer­en­tiated, [170].
• Erasures, to be made with ink, [29].
• Errors from mistakes in distributing, [34].
• Errors in MS. copy, corrected, or pointed out, in printing-office, [36].
• Errors,—marked in text, and correction denoted on margin, of proof-sheets, [41]–45.
• Errors, rare, from printed copy, [18].
• Errors unavoidable, while present methods continue, [34].
• Esq., Jr., rules for, [181].
• Exclamation, note of, rules for use of, [113], 114.

• Fac-similes of Old Style, [200], [201].
• Faults of manuscript reappear in proof-sheets, [25].
• First letter in line of poetry, [174].
• First proof, specimen of, [44].
• Footnotes in manuscript, [30].
• Footnotes, references to, [123].
• Foreign words italic, [57], [58].
• Foreign words roman, [58].
• Full point, or period, [96].

• General remarks on incongruities of style, [66]–70.
• Gods, pagan, capitalized, [180].
• Golden rule of punctuation, [77].
• Grammatical points, [72].
• Grave accent, [121].
• Greek alphabet, [54].

• Handwriting of Clergymen, [22], [23].
• Handwriting of lawyers, [23]–25.
• Handwriting of mercantile and business men, [24], [26].
• Handwriting of physicians, [27].
• Heathen deities, names of, to be capitalized, [180].
• Hyphen, [118].
• Hyphens in one-half, two-thirds, etc., [87].
• Hyphens in succession at end of lines, not to exceed three, [89].
• Hyphens, use of, [84]–89.

• I and J, [29].
• I and O, to be capitals, [180], [181].
• “ible,” words ending in, [165]–167.
• Illegibility of the writing, no damages, on account of the, [15].
• Importance of a and the, [188].
• Initial letters put up, [172]–174.
• Ink, black, on white paper, for press, [31].
• Insure and Ensure dif­fer­en­tiated, [170].
• Interrogation, note of, rules for use of, [112], [113].
• Inure and Enure dif­fer­en­tiated, [170].
• “ise,” words ending in, [168], [169].

• Junior, Esquire, rules for, [181].
• Juxtaposition influences use of capitals, [189].

• Language—“The Foundation for the Whole Faculty of Thinking”—should have the sharp oversight of those who would “diffuse knowledge among men,” [65].
• Last reading for press; careful, deliberate, etc., [49]–51.
• Lawyers’ briefs, [24].
• Leaders, [121].
• Lead pencils, avoid, when writing for press, [31].
• Lead pencils, no erasure with, [28].
• Length of pause at the various points, [72], [73].
• Liberal pointing, [80].
• Ligated letters, Old Style, [195].
• Lines above and below a correction, to be compared when revising, [47].
• LL.D., D.D., M.D., [181], [182].

• Manuscript, faults of, reappear in proof-sheets, [25].
• Manuscript for the press,—black ink on white paper, [31].
• Manutii, The, [75]; Manutius, Aldus, [75].
• “Mark-off,” [47].
• Marks of Ellipsis, or Omission, [121].
• Marks of Parenthesis, [120].
• Marks of Quotation, [119], [120].
• Marks used in correcting proof-sheets, [43], [45].
• Matter “off its feet,” [42].
• Meaning of “Put up” and “Put down,” [171], [172].
• M.D., LL.D., D.D., [181], [182].
• Mercantile chirography, [24], [26].
• Method of reading points, capitals, etc., [46].
• Mingling of styles, [40].