Footnote 31: [(return)]
The penalty was so ineffective that in 1705 it was changed simply to imprisonment for six months "without bail or mainprise."
Footnote 32: [(return)]
Turner: The Negro in Pennsylvania, 29-30.
Footnote 33: [(return)]
Russell: The Free Negro in Virginia, 32-33, cites from the court records of Northampton County, 1651-1654 and 1655-1658, the noteworthy case of a free negro, Anthony Johnson, who had come to Virginia not later than 1622 and who by 1650 owned a large tract of land on the Eastern Shore. To him belonged a Negro, John Casor. After several years of labor Casor demanded his freedom on the ground that from the first he had been an indentured servant and not a slave. When the case came up in court, however, not only did Johnson win the verdict that Casor was his slave, but he also won his suit against Robert Parker, a white man, who he asserted had illegally detained Casor.
Footnote 34: [(return)]
Hening: Statutes, IV, 131.
Footnote 35: [(return)]
Blake: History of Slavery and the Slave-Trade, 378.
Footnote 36: [(return)]
Ballagh: Slavery in Virginia, 12.
Footnote 37: [(return)]
Edward Eggleston: "Social Conditions in the Colonies," in Century Magazine, October, 1884, p. 863.
Footnote 38: [(return)]
For this and the references immediately following note Locke: Anti-Slavery in America, 11-45.
Footnote 39: [(return)]
Brief Statement of the Rise and Progress of the Testimony of the Religious Society of Friends against Slavery and the Slave-Trade, 8.
Footnote 40: [(return)]
Russell: The Free Negro in Virginia, 138-9.