b. The present active participle is formed by adding -ns to the present stem. In -iō verbs of the third conjugation, and in the fourth conjugation, the stem is modified by the addition of -ē-, as capi-ē-ns, audi-ē-ns. It is declined like an adjective of one ending of the third declension. (Cf. [§ 256].)
| amāns, loving | ||||
| Baseamant- | Stemamanti- | |||
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | |
| Nom. | amāns | amāns | amantēs | amantia |
| Gen. | amantis | amantis | amantium | amantium |
| Dat. | amantī | amantī | amantibus | amantibus |
| Acc. | amantem | amāns | amantīs or -ēs | amantia |
| Abl. | amantī or -e | amantī or -e | amantibus | amantibus |
(1) When used as an adjective the ablative singular ends in -ī; when used as a participle or as a substantive, in -e.
(2) In a similar way decline monēns, regēns, capiēns, audiēns.
c. The future active participle is formed by adding -ūrus to the base of the participial stem. We have already met this form combined with esse to produce the future active infinitive. (Cf. [§ 206].)
d. For the perfect passive participle see [§ 201]. The future passive participle or gerundive is formed by adding -ndus to the present stem.
e. All participles in -us are declined like bonus.
f. Participles agree with nouns or pronouns like adjectives.
g. Give all the participles of the following verbs: cūrō, iubeō, sūmō, iaciō, mūniō.
[375.] Participles of Deponent Verbs. Deponent verbs have the participles of the active voice as well as of the passive; consequently every deponent verb has four participles, as,