Latin for Beginners

by Benjamin L. D'Ooge

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CONTENTS

LESSON		PAGE
	[Preface]
	To the Student—By way of Introduction	[1-4]
PART I. THE PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN
	Alphabet, Sounds of the Letters, Syllables, Quantity, Accent, How toRead Latin	[5-11]
PART II. WORDS AND FORMS
I-VI.	First Principles—Subject andPredicate, Inflection, Number, Nominative Subject, Possessive Genitive,Agreement of Verb, Direct Object, Indirect Object, etc.—Dialogue	[12-24]
VII-VIII.	First orĀ-Declension—Gender, Agreement of Adjectives,Word Order	[25-30]
IX-X.	Second or O-Declension—GeneralRules for Declension—Predicate Noun,Apposition—Dialogue	[31-35]
XI.	Adjectives of the First and SecondDeclensions	[36-37]
XII.	Nouns in -ius and -ium—Germānia	[38-39]
XIII.	Second Declension(Continued)—Nouns in -er and -ir—Italia—Dialogue	[39-41]
XIV.	Possessive Adjective Pronouns	[42-43]
XV.	Ablative Denoting With—Cause,Means, Accompaniment, Manner—TheRomans Prepare for War	[44-46]
XVI.	The Nine Irregular Adjectives	[46-47]
XVII.	The Demonstrative is, ea,id—Dialogue	[48-50]
XVIII.	Conjugation—Present, Imperfect,and Future of sum—Dialogue	[51-53]
XIX.	Present Active Indicative of amōand moneō	[54-56]
XX.	Imperfect Active Indicative ofamō andmoneō—Meaning of the Imperfect—Niobe and her Children	[56-57]
XXI.	Future Active Indicative of amōand moneō—Niobe and her Children (Concluded)	[58-59]
XXII.	Review of Verbs—The Dativewith Adjectives—Cornelia and herJewels	[59-61]
XXIII.	Present Active Indicative ofregō andaudiō—Cornelia and herJewels (Concluded)	[61-63]
XXIV.	Imperfect Active Indicative ofregō andaudiō—The Dative with Special Intransitive Verbs	[63-65]
XXV.	Future Active Indicative of regōand audiō	[65-66]
XXVI.	Verbs in -iō—Present,Imperfect, and Future Active Indicative of capiō—TheImperative	[66-68]
XXVII.	Passive Voice—Present, Imperfect,and Future Indicative of amō and moneō—Perseus and Andromeda	[68-71]
XXVIII.	Present, Imperfect, and Future IndicativePassive of regō andaudiō—Perseus andAndromeda (Continued)	[72-73]
XXIX.	Present, Imperfect, and Future IndicativePassive of -iō Verbs—Present Passive Infinitive and Imperative	[73-75]
XXX.	Synopses in the Four Conjugations—TheAblative Denoting From—Place from Which, Separation,Personal Agent	[75-78]
XXXI.	Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfectof sum—Dialogue	[79-81]
XXXII.	Perfect Active Indicative of the Four RegularConjugations—Meanings of the Perfect—Perseus and Andromeda (Continued)	[81-83]
XXXIII.	Pluperfect and Future Perfect ActiveIndicative—Perfect Active Infinitive	[84-85]
XXXIV.	Review of the Active Voice—Perseus andAndromeda (Concluded)	[86-87]
XXXV.	Passive Perfects of theIndicative—Perfect Passive and Future Active Infinitive	[88-90]
XXXVI.	Review of PrincipalParts—Prepositions, Yes-or-No Questions	[90-93]
XXXVII.	Conjugation ofpossum—The Infinitive used as inEnglish—Accusative Subject of an Infinitive—The Faithless Tarpeia	[93-96]
XXXVIII.	The Relative Pronoun and the InterrogativePronoun—Agreement of the Relative—The Faithless Tarpeia (Concluded)	[97-101]
XXXIX-XLI.	The Third Declension—ConsonantStems	[101-106]
XLII.	Review Lesson—Terror Cimbricus	[107]
XLIII.	Third Declension—I-Stems	[108-110]
XLIV.	Irregular Nouns of the ThirdDeclension—Gender in the Third Declension—The First Bridgeover the Rhine	[111-112]
XLV.	Adjectives of the Third Declension—TheRomans Invade the Enemy’s Country	[113-115]
XLVI.	The Fourth or U-Declension	[116-117]
XLVII.	Expressions of Place—Place toWhich, Place from Which, Place at or in Which, theLocative—Declension of domus—Dædalus and Icarus	[117-121]
XLVIII.	The Fifth or Ē-Declension—Ablative of Time—Dædalus and Icarus (Continued)	[121-123]
XLIX.	Pronouns—Personal and ReflexivePronouns—Dædalus and Icarus(Concluded)	[123-126]
L.	The Intensive Pronoun ipse and the Demonstrative īdem—How Horatius Held the Bridge	[126-127]
LI.	The Demonstratives hic,iste, ille—A GermanChieftain Addresses his Followers—How Horatius Held theBridge (Continued)	[128-130]
LII.	The Indefinite Pronouns—How HoratiusHeld the Bridge (Concluded)	[130-132]
LIII.	Regular Comparison of Adjectives	[133-135]
LIV.	Irregular Comparison ofAdjectives—Ablative with Comparatives	[135-136]
LV.	Irregular Comparison of Adjectives(Continued)—Declension of plūs	[137-138]
LVI.	Irregular Comparison of Adjectives(Concluded)—Ablative of the Measure of Difference	[138-139]
LVII.	Formation and Comparison of Adverbs	[140-142]
LVIII.	Numerals—PartitiveGenitive	[142-144]
LIX.	Numerals(Continued)—Accusative of Extent—Cæsar in Gaul	[144-146]
LX.	Deponent Verbs—Prepositionswith the Accusative	[146-147]
PART III. CONSTRUCTIONS
LXI.	The Subjunctive Mood—Inflectionof the Present—Indicative and Subjunctive Compared	[148-152]
LXII.	The Subjunctive of Purpose	[152-153]
LXIII.	Inflection of the ImperfectSubjunctive—Sequence of Tenses	[153-155]
LXIV.	Inflection of the Perfect and PluperfectSubjunctive—Substantive Clauses of Purpose	[156-159]
LXV.	Subjunctive ofpossum—Verbs of Fearing	[160-161]
LXVI.	The Participles—Tenses andDeclension	[161-164]
LXVII.	The Irregular Verbs volō,nōlō, mālō—Ablative Absolute	[164-166]
LXVIII.	The Irregular Verbfīō—Subjunctive of Result	[167-168]
LXIX.	Subjunctive ofCharacteristic—Predicate Accusative	[169-171]
LXX.	Constructions withcum—Ablative of Specification	[171-173]
LXXI.	Vocabulary Review—Gerund andGerundive—Predicate Genitive	[173-177]
LXXII.	The Irregular Verbeō—Indirect Statements	[177-180]
LXXIII.	Vocabulary Review—The IrregularVerb ferō—Dative with Compounds	[181-183]
LXXIV.	Vocabulary Review—Subjunctivein Indirect Questions	[183-185]
LXXV.	Vocabulary Review—Dative ofPurpose or End for Which	[185-186]
LXXVI.	Vocabulary Review—Genitive andAblative of Quality or Description	[186-188]
LXXVII.	Review of Agreement—Review ofthe Genitive, Dative, and Accusative	[189-190]
LXXVIII.	Review of the Ablative	[191-192]
LXXIX.	Review of the Syntax of Verbs	[192-193]
READING MATTER
Introductory Suggestions		[194-195]
The Labors of Hercules		[196-203]
P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story of a Roman Boy		[204-215]
APPENDIXES AND VOCABULARIES
Appendix I. Tables of Declensions, Conjugations, Numerals, etc.		[226-260]
Appendix II. Rules of Syntax		[261-264]
Appendix III. Reviews		[265-282]
Special Vocabularies		[283-298]
Latin-English Vocabulary		[299-331]
English-Latin Vocabulary		[332-343]
INDEX		[344-348]
	[Display Problems]

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PREFACE

To make the course preparatory to Cæsar at the same time systematic, thorough, clear, and interesting is the purpose of this series of lessons.

The first pages are devoted to a brief discussion of the Latin language, its history, and its educational value. The body of the book, consisting of seventy-nine lessons, is divided into three parts.

Part I is devoted to pronunciation, quantity, accent, and kindred introductory essentials.

Part II carries the work through the first sixty lessons, and is devoted to the study of forms and vocabulary, together with some elementary constructions, a knowledge of which is necessary for the translation of the exercises and reading matter. The first few lessons have been made unusually simple, to meet the wants of pupils not well grounded in English grammar.

Part III contains nineteen lessons, and is concerned primarily with the study of syntax and of subjunctive and irregular verb forms. The last three of these lessons constitute a review of all the constructions presented in the book. There is abundant easy reading matter; and, in order to secure proper concentration of effort upon syntax and translation, no new vocabularies are introduced, but the vocabularies in Part II are reviewed.