2. Ablative of cause.
3. Ablative of means.
4. This may be either manner or accompaniment. It is often impossible to draw a sharp line between means, manner, and accompaniment. The Romans themselves drew no sharp distinction. It was enough for them if the general idea demanded the ablative case.
[ LESSON XXII]
REVIEW OF VERBS · THE DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES
[141.] Review the present, imperfect, and future active indicative, both orally and in writing, of sum and the verbs in [§ 129].
[142.] We learned in [§ 43] for what sort of expressions we may expect the dative, and in [§ 44] that one of its commonest uses is with verbs to express the indirect object. It is also very common with adjectives to express the object toward which the quality denoted by the adjective is directed. We have already had a number of cases where grātus, agreeable to, was so followed by a dative; and in the last lesson we had molestus, annoying to, followed by that case. The usage may be more explicitly stated by the following rule:
[143.] Rule. Dative with Adjectives. The dative is used with adjectives to denote the object toward which the given quality is directed. Such are, especially, those meaning near, also fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites.
[144.] Among such adjectives memorize the following:
| idōneus, -a, -um, fit, suitable (for) amīcus, -a, -um, friendly (to) inimīcus, -a, -um, hostile (to) grātus, -a, -um, pleasing (to), agreeable (to) molestus, -a, -um, annoying (to), troublesome (to) fīnitimus, -a, -um, neighboring (to) proximus, -a, -um, nearest, next (to) |