Latin for Beginners

by Benjamin L. D'Ooge

[208.] The following list shows the principal parts of all the verbs you have had excepting those used in the paradigms. The parts you have had before are given for review, and the perfect participle is the only new form for you to learn. Sometimes one or more of the principal parts are lacking, which means that the verb has no forms based on that stem. A few verbs lack the perfect passive participle but have the future active participle in -ūrus, which appears in the principal parts instead.

Irregular Verbs
sum absum dō1	esse abesse dare	fuī āfuī dedī	futūrus āfutūrus datus	be be away give

1. dō is best classed with the irregular verbs because of the short a in the present and participial stems.

Conjugation I
portō	portāre	portāvī	portātus	carry
So for all verbs of this conjugation thus far used.
Conjugation II
contineō dēleō doceō egeō faveō iubeō moveō noceō pāreō persuādeō prohibeō respondeō sedeō studeō videō	continēre dēlēre docēre egēre favēre iubēre movēre nocēre pārēre persuādēre prohibēre respondēre sedēre studēre vidēre	continuī dēlēvī docuī eguī fāvī iussī mōvī nocuī pāruī persuāsī prohibuī respondī sēdī studuī vīdī	contentus dēlētus doctus —— fautūrus iussus mōtus nocitūrus —— persuāsus prohibitus respōnsus -sessus —— vīsus	hold in, keep destroy teach lack favor order move injure obey persuade (from) restrain, keep reply sit be eager see
Conjugation III
agō crēdō dīcō discēdō dūcō faciō2 fugiō iaciō interficiō mittō rapiō resistō	agere crēdere dīcere discēdere dūcere facere fugere iacere interficere mittere rapere resistere	ēgī crēdidī dīxī discessī dūxī fēcī fūgī iēcī interfēcī mīsī rapuī restitī	āctus crēditus dictus discessus ductus factus fugitūrus iactus interfectus missus raptus ——	drive believe say depart lead make flee hurl kill send seize resist
Conjugation IV
mūniō reperiō veniō	mūnīre reperīre venīre	mūnīvī rep´perī vēnī	mūnītus repertus ventus	fortify find come

2. faciō has an irregular passive which will be presented later.

[209.] Prepositions. 1. We learned in [§§ 52], [53] that only the accusative and the ablative are used with prepositions, and that prepositions expressing ablative relations govern the ablative case. Those we have had are here summarized. The table following should be learned.

ā or ab, from, by cum, with dē, down from, concerning ē or ex, out from, out of prō, before, in front of; for, in behalf of sine, without

2. Prepositions not expressing ablative relations must govern the accusative ([§ 52]). Of these we have had the following:

ad, to apud, among per, through