The numerous and delicate distinctions between these last, as shown by the author in many examples, would be fatiguing to the reader were they set forth at length. It is enough to remark here, that the first is used in the conjugation of certain tenses of the verbs, and the second in certain others; and that, as a possessive, the first is used before nouns beginning with a consonant, and the second before those commencing with a vowel.

The reciprocal or reflective pronoun is declined as follows:—

Inba,Myself; Caba,Ourselves;
A ba,Thyself; A ba ex,Yourselves;
U ba,Himself. U ba ob,Themselves.

This is used precisely as in English: thus, cimzah, to kill; cimzahba, to kill one’s self.

The verbs are divided into four conjugations; of which the first comprehends all absolute or neuter verbs. The verbs of the other conjugations are all active or transitive, but are rendered passive by being conjugated after the first conjugation; whence all passive verbs may be said likewise to be embraced under this form. All verbs of this conjugation, with a few exceptions, terminate, in the infinitive, in the letter l, and are of more than one syllable. The perfect tense ends always in i, and the future in c. We give a few examples, to show the symmetry of the arrangement of the Spanish grammarian.

Etppizanhal,etppizanhi,etppitzanhac,to resemble;
Elel,eli,elec,to burn;
Hatzpahal,hatzpahi,hatzpahac,to separate;
Mankinhal,mankinhi,mankinhac,to persevere;
Uenel,ueni,uenec,to sleep;
Xanhal,xanhi,xanac,to delay.

The second conjugation, which is the first of the active verbs, is indicated by the termination, ah. The perfect likewise ends in ah, being distinguished from the present by a different pronoun, and the future in z. A few examples follow:—

Cambezah,cambezah,cambez,to teach;
Yukkahzah,"yukkahez,to examine;
Kochbezah,"kochbez,to blame;
Xupzah,"xupez,to destroy;
Zipzah,"zipez,to provoke.

The verbs of the third conjugation are all monosyllabic, and form the preterite by the addition of ah, and the future in é or ab indiscriminately; as, for example:—

Kam,kamah,kamé or kamab,to receive;
Mac,macah,macé or macab,to shut;
Ux,uxah,uxé or uxab,to gather;
Xoc,xocah,xocé or xocab,to respect.