ILLUSTRATIONS

7. [Portrait and Signature of Columbus]
8. [Portrait of Isabella]
9. [Spanish Caravel]
10. [View of Palos]
11. [Ruins of the Pinzon Mansion]
12. [Landing of Columbus]
13. [Banner of the Expedition]
14. [Portrait of Sebastian Cabot]
15. [Portrait.of Amerigo Vespucci]
16. [Portrait of De Soto]
17. [Portrait of Verrazzani]
19. The Clermont..................................[...035]
20. Portrait of Lieutenant General Burgoyne ......[...037]
21. Portrait of General Schuyler..................[...038]
22. Initial Letter................................[...043]
24. Portrait of Thaddeus Kosciusko................[...049]
25. Battle-ground of Stillwater ..................[...053]
26. Burgoyne's Encampment on the Hudson...........[...057]
27. House in whieh General Fraser died............[...064]
28. Tomahawks.....................................[...064]
30. Fraser's Burial-place.........................[...066]
31. Lady Ackland proceeding to the American Camp..[...068]
32. Initial Letter.........M......................[...069]
33. Schuyler's Mill, Saratoga.....................[...073]
34. Schuyler's Mansion............................[...074]
35. General Gates's Head-quarters at Saratoga.....[...075]
36. Plan of the Armies st Burgoyne's Surrender....[...077]
37. Signatures of Burgoyne and Gates..............[...079]
38. Place where the British laid down their Arms..[...080]
39. First Interview between Gates and Burgoyne....[...081]
40. Medal in Honor of General Gates and his Army..[...083]
41. Portrait of Silas Deane.......................[...085]
42. Initial Letter................................[...088]
43. The Riedesel House, Saratoga..................[...089]
44. Cellar of the Riedesel House..................[...089]
45. General Schuyler and Baroness Riedesel........[...091]
46. Place where Lovelace was executed.............[...092]
47. Bloody Run....................................[...094]
48. Fort Miller, Fording-plaee....................[...094]
49. Fort Edward...................................[...095]
50. Balm of Gilead at Fort Edward.................[...095]
51. Diagram illustrating a Fortification..........[...096]
52. Jane M'Crea Tree, Fort Edward.................[...097]
53. A River Bateau................................[...098]
54. Jane M'Crea Spring............................[...099]
55. Grave of Jane M'Crea..........................[...101]
56. Colonel Cochran's Monument....................[...102]
57. Mouth of Fort Edward Creek..!.................[...102]
58. A Curious Skull..............'................[...103]
59. Two Sides of a Cross-pistareen................[...103]
60. Initial Letter ...............................[...104]
61. View below Glenn's Falls......................[...105]
62. Williams's Rock...............................[...106]
63. Portrait of King Hendriek.....................[...106]
64. Bloody Pond...................................[...107]
65. Fort William Henry............................[...108]
66. Ruins of the Citadel of Fort George...........[...112]
67. Head of Lake George...........................[...113]
68. Long Point and Vicinity.......................[...114]
69. Sabbath Day Point.............................[...115]
70. Lake George and part of Lake Champlain........[...115]
71. Rogers's Rock.................................[...116]
72. Ground Plan of Fort Ticonderoga...............[...118]
73. Initial Letter................................[...121]
74. Portrait of Isaac Rice........................[...122]
75. Ruins at Ticonderoga..........................[...127]
76. The Bakery....................................[...128]
77. View from the Top of Mount Defiance...........[...131]
78. Portrait of General St. Clair.................[...132]
79. Site of Fort Anne.............................[...139]
80. Major Israel Putnam in British Uniform........[...140]
81. Battle-ground near Fort Anne..................[...141]
82. View at Putnam's Rock.........................[...142]
83. The Battle ground at Hubbardton...............[...145]
84. Plan of the Battle............................[...146]
85. Head stone, Mount Independence................[...148]
86. View from Sholes's Landing....................[...149]
87. Initial Letter................................[...150]
88. Plan of the Fort..............................[...151]
89. Crown Point...................................[...152]
90. Inscribed Stone...............................[...152]
91. Well at Crown Point...........................[...153]
92. "Virtual Representation," a Caricature........[...158]
93. Split Rock....................................[...159]
94. Burgoyne addressing the Indians...............[...160]
95. Tomb of Ethan Allen...........................[...161]
96. Scene of Arnold's Naval Battle................[...162]
97. Plan of Arnold's first Engagement.............[...163]
98. Plan of Arnold's second Engagement............[...164]
100. Isle Aux Noix, in the Sorel..................[...167]
101. Military Establishment at St. John's.........[...169]
102. Fort at Chambly..............................[...171]
103. St. John's, on the Richelieu River...........[...172]
104. Portrait of Lord George Germain..............[...173]
105. French Canadian House........................[...173]
106. Canadian Peasant Girl........................[...174]
107. Beloeil Mountain.............................[...174]
108. Portrait of Francois Yest....................[...175]
109. A Thunderstruck Rock.........................[...175]
110. A Caleche-Aurora Borealis....................[...176]
112. Initial Letter...............................[...177]
113. Grey Nun Praying.............................[...178]
114. View of Montreal and its Walls in 1760.......[...179]
116. Portrait of Sir Guy Carleton.................[...181]
117. Walls of Quebec..............................[...183]
118. View of Point Levi from Durham Terrace.......[...185]
119. Wolfe's Ravine...............................[...187]
120. Portrait of General Wolfe....................[...188]
121. Wolfe's Monument.............................[...189]
122. Norridgewock Falls, 1775.....................[...191]
123. Arnold's Route through the Wilderness, 1775..[...193]
124. Initial Letter...............................[...195]
125. St. John's Gate..............................[...198]
126. Cape Diamond.................................[...198]
127. Place where Arnold was wounded...............[...199]
128. Palace Gate, outside.........................[...199]
129. Portrait of General Montgomery...............[...200]
130. Montgomery's Monument........................[...201]
131. Palace Gate, inside..........................[...202]
132. Temperance Cross.............................[...203]
133. Montmorenci Falls............................[...203]
134. Wolfe and Montcalm's Monument................[...205]
135. The Cascades, or St. Ann's Rapids............[...206]
136. Cedar's Rapids, at St. Timothy...............[...207]
137. Lumber Raft on the St. Lawrence..............[...209]
138. Cairn........................................[...210]
139. Sheldon House................................[...210]
140. Wind-mill Point..............................[...211]
144. Oswego in 1755...............................[...217]
145. Forts at Oswego..............................[...217]
146. Remains of "New Fort," Oswego................[...218]
147. View of Oswego and the Fort in 1798 .........[...220]
148. View of Oswego Harbor, 1848 .................[...221]
149. Portrait of Mrs. Cochran.....................[...223]
150. Distant View of Fort Niagara ................[...225]
151. Niagara Suspension Bridge....................[...228]
152. Sepulchral Stone.............................[...230]
153. Site of Fort Stanwix.........................[...231]
154. Portrait of Sir William Johnson..............[...232]
155. Fort Johnson.................................[...232]
156. Caughnawaga Church...........................[...233]
157. Guy Park.....................................[...234]
158. Initial Letter...............................[...240]
159. Portrait of Colonel Gansevoort...............[...240]
160. Order of March of St. Leger's Forces ........[...241]
161. Portrait of Colonel Marinus Willett..........[...244]
162. Battle-ground of Oriskany ...................[...245]
164. Fort Schuyler and Vicinity...................[...249]
165. Old Stone Church, German Flats...............[...254]
166. The Pulpit of the Church.....................[...254]
167. Fort Herkimer................................[...255]
168. Portrait of Joseph Brant.....................[...256]
169. Hieroglyph of Teyendagages, Little Hendrick..[...256]
Kanaiagta....................................[...256]
Tinyahasara, or Little Abraham...............[...256]
Daniel.......................................[...256]
Little Falls.................................[...259]
Below Moss Island............................[...259]
General Herkimer's Residence.................[...260]
Herkimer's Grave.............................[...260]
Castle Church................................[...261]
Fort Plain...................................[...261]
182. Fort Plain Block-house.......................[...262]
183. Lipe's House.................................[...263]
181. Old Parsonage and Church.....................[...263]
185. Initial Letter...............................[...264]
186. Armed Settlers...............................[...266]
187. Signature of Walter Butler...................[...270]
188. Portrait of General Sullivan.................[...272]
189. Order of March against the Indians...........[...274]
190. Initial Letter...............................[...284]
191. The Butler House.............................[...285]
192. Signature of John Butler.....................[...285]
193. North Front of Johnson Hall..................[...286]
194. Signature of Sir John Johnson................[...286]
195. Vignette on Sir William Johnson's Diploma....[...288]
196. The Kane House...............................[...292]
197. Portrait, House, Signature of J. Dievendorf..[...293]
198. Mansion of Judge Campbell....................[...296]
199. Distant View of Cherry Valley................[...297]
200. Brant's Rock.................................[...297]
201. Portrait of Hendrick Hudson..................[...301]
202. Schuyler's Mansion at Albany.................[...304]
203. Initial Letter...............................[...305]
204. Washington's Head-quarters at Morristown.....[...309]
205. Schuyler's Head quarters at Morristown.......[...315]
206. Fae-simile of the Continental Paper Money....[...317]
207. First Money coined in the United States......[...317]
208. Cipher Alphabet..............................[...320]
209. Fac-simile of Cipher Writing.................[...320]
210. Old Apple-tree at Springfield................[...322]
211. Plan of the Battle at Springfield............[...322]
212. Mrs. Mathews's House.........................[...323]
213. Caldwell's Monument..........................[...326]
214. Boudinot's Vault.............................[...326]
215. Old Tavern at Elizabethport..................[...328]
216. Franklin's Stove.............................[...328]
217. "Liberty Hall"...............................[...329]
218. Portrait of Governor Livingston..............[...330]
219. Steuben's Head quarters at Middlebrook.......[...333]
220. Washington's Rock............................[...334]
221. Initial Letter...............................[...337]
222. Scene in the Wyoming Valley..................[...341]
223. Portrait of Count Zinzendort.................[...342]
224. View near Toby's Eddy........................[...343]
225. Site of Wintermoot'a Fort....................[...351]
226. Position of the Wyoming Forts................[...353]
227. Signature of Colonel Z. Butler...............[...355]
228. The Susquehanna at Monocasy Island...........[...356]
229. Queen Esther's Rock..........................[...357]
230. The Treaty Table.............................[...359]
231. Initial Letter...............................[...364]
232. Wyoming Monument.............................[...365]
233. Frances Slocum-Ma-con-a-qua..................[...369]
234. Timothy Pickering............................[...374]
235. The "Red House"..............................[...375]
236. Cars entering the Mines at Carbondole........[...378]
237. Lamp of a Miner..............................[...378]
238. Appearance of the Chambers in the Mines......[...379]
239. View from the Shawangunk Mountains...........[...381]
240. Initial Letter...............................[...382]
241. The Van Kleek House, Poughkeepsie............[...383]
242. The Livingston Mansion.......................[...385]
243. The Constitution House, Kingston.............[...387]
244. The Yeoman House.............................[...388]
245. Monument in Church-yard, Kingston............[...389]
246. View at the Mouth of the Rondout.............[...390]
247. Van Schaick's Mill...........................[...391]
248. Portrait of General Stark....................[...394]
249. Plan of the Battle of Bennington.............[...395]
250. The Bennington Battle-ground.................[...396]
251. Initial Letter...............................[...401]
252. Distant View of Compo........................[...402]
Head quarters of Agnew and Erskins...........[...403]
Dibble's Barn................................[...404]
Portrait of Joel Barlow......................[...405]
Portrait of Joseph Dibble....................[...406]
Portrait of General Wooster..................[...408]
Place of the Barricades. Ridgefield..........[...409]
Place where Wooster Fell.....................[...410]
Putnam's Quarters............................[...411]
Putnam's Hill................................[...412]
Pitch's Point, Landing-place of the British..[...413]
Darien Church................................[...414]
Grummon's Hill...............................[...415]
The Green, Fairfield.........................[...416]
The Regicides' Tomb-stones...................[...420]
267. Arnold's Residence, New Haven................[...421]
268. Savin Rock...................................[...422]
260. West Bridge and Millord Hill.................[...423]
270. Campbell's Monument..........................[...423]
271. Landing-place of General Tryon...............[...424]
272. The Buckley House............................[...426]
273. Humphreys's Monument.........................[...429]
274. Portrait of Colonel Humphreys................[...429]
275. Portait of Dr. Encaa Munson..................[...430]
276. Signature of Nathan Beers....................[...431]
277. Initial Letter...............................[...432]
278. First Meeting-house in Connecticut...........[...433]
279. The Charter Oak..............................[...434]
280. The Webb House...............................[...436]
281. Elder Brewster's Chest, from the May Flower..[...437]
282. Key of the Chest.............................[...437]
283. Fac-simile of the Signatures of the Pilgrims.[...438]
284. Ancient Chair................................[...438]
285. Chopping-knife...............................[...438]
286. Putnam's Tavern Sign.........................[...439]
287. The old Colony Seal..........................[...445]
288. Ancient Map of Massachusetts Bay.............[...446]
280. The "Pine tree Shilling".....................[...449]
290. The Beacon in Boston.........................[...451]
201. Fac-simile of the first American Paper Money.[...452]
202. Seal of George III., the Purse, and Mace.....[...456]
293. Initial Letter...............................[...457]
294. Portrait of George III. at his Accession.....[...457]
295. Usual Appearance of King George III., 1776...[...458]
206. Portrait of Queen Charlotte..................[...458]
297. Portrait of George Grenville.......,.........[...460]
298. Portrait of Colonel Barré....................[...463]
299. Liberty Tree.................................[...466]
300. Portrait of Governor Hutchinson..............[...468]
301. Portrait of Charles, Marquis of Rockingham...[...470]
302. Portrait of William Pitt.....................[...472]
303. The Province House...........................[...474]
304. Portrait of John Dickinson...................[...476]
305. Faneuil Hall.................................[...479]
306. Portrait of Augustus Henry, Duke of Grafton..[...482]
307. Portrait of Lord North.......................[...483]
308. Initial Letter ..............................[...485]
309. Title-page of the Boston Almanac, 1770 ......[...486]
310. Music of the "Massachusetts Song of Liberty".[...487]
311. The "Old South" Meeting-house................[...490]
313. Portrait of Lord Dartmouth...................[...495]
314. Portrait of David Kinnison...................[...499]
315. Portrait of G. R. T. Hewes...................[...501]
316. Portrait of Edmund Burke.....................[...503]
317. Hancock's House, Boston......................[...507]
318. Skull and " Cross-bones".....................[...507]
319. Snake-device at the head of Newspapers.......[...508]
320. Initial Letter...............................[...509]
321. Portrait of Samuel Adams.....................[...510]
322. View of Boston from Dorchester, 1774 ........[...512]
323. View of the Lines on Boston Neck.............[...513]
324. Portrait of John Hancock.....................[...515]
325. Medallion Likeness of Adam Smith.............[...517]
326. Portrait of Edward Gibbon....................[...519]
327. Medallion Likeness of John Wilkea............[...520]
328. Clarke's House, Lexington....................[...523]
329. Skirmish at Lexington........................[...524]
330. Signature of Colonel James Barret............[...525]
331. Colonel Barret's House.......................[...526]
332. Battle-ground at Concord.....................[...526]
333. Plan of the Monuments at Concord.............[...527]
334. Initial Letter...............................[...533]
335. Reverse, Massachusetts Treasury Note, 1775...[...534]
336. Charlestown and adjacent Hills in 1775.......[...533]
337. Plan of the Redoubt on Breed's Hill..........[...540]
338. The New England Flag.........................[...541]
339. Action on Breed's Hill.......................[...543]
340. Portrait of Joseph Warren....................[...543]
341. Warren's Monument............................[...549]
342. Initial Letter...............................[...551]
343. Monument at Concord..........................[...552]
344. Monument at Lexington........................[...553]
315. Near View of the Monument....................[...553]
316. Portrait of Jonathan Harrington..............[...553]
347. Washington's Head-quarters at Cambridge......[...553]
348. The Riedesel House, Cambridge................[...557]
349. Bunker Hill Monument.........................[...558]
350. Signature of the Baroness Riedesel...........[...558]
351. Chantrey's Statue of Washington..............[...561]
352. Mather's Vault...............................[...561]
353. Cotton Mather's Writing......................[...562]
354. Speaker's Desk and Winthrop'a Chair..........[...562]
355. King Philip's Samp-pan........................[...562]
356. Captain Church's Sword........................[...562]
357. The Washington Elm, Cambridge.................[...564]
358. Boston with its Environs, 1776 ...............[...565]
359. The Pine-tree Flag............................[...570]
360. Signature of Governor Gage....................[...573]
361. British Fort on Bunker Hill...................[...574]
362. American Floating Battery.....................[...575]
363. Initial Letter................................[...577]
304. Gold Medal awarded to Washington..............[...584]
365. Medal struck in Honor of Lord North...........[...566]
366. Roxbury Fort..................................[...592]
367. Ground Plan of the Fort ......................[...592]
368. Initial Letter................................[...595]
369. Signatures of Uncas and his Sons..............[...597]
370. Uncas's Monument..............................[...598]
371. Residence of General Huntington...............[...600]
372. Portrait of Jonathan Trumbull.................[...601]
373. Governor Trumbull's War Office................[...602]
374. The Trumbull House............................[...602]
375. The Alden Tavern .............................[...603]
376. The Williams House............................[...603]
377. The Trumbull Vault ...........................[...603]
376. Birth-plaee of Benedict Arnold................[...604]
379. Governor Huntington's Mansion.................[...606]
380. Governor Huntington's Tomb....................[...607]
381. General Huntington's Tomb.....................[...607]
382. Map of New London Harbor......................[...609]
383. New London Harbor, looking North..............[...610]
384. View of the Landing-place of Arnold...........[...611]
385. Monument at Groton............................[...614]
386. Portrait of Mrs. Dailey.......................[...617]
387. Dishop Seabury's Monument.....................[...618]
388. Initial Letter................................[...619]
389. Landing-place of Roger Williams...............[...620]
390. Signature of Roger Williams...................[...623]
391. Hopkins's Monument............................[...624]
392. Governor Cooke's Monument.....................[...625]
393. Signature of Stephen Hopkins..................[...625]
394. Old Tavern in Providence......................[...626]
395. Stone Tower...................................[...628]
390. Gaspee Point..................................[...628]
337. Signatures of the Commissioners...............[...630]
338. Old Tower at Newport .........................[...633]
399. Inscription on Dighton Rock...................[...634]
400. Prescott's Head-quarters......................[...635]
401. Perry's Monument..............................[...635]
402. Top of'Tonomy Hill............................[...636]
403. Hubbard's House and Mill......................[...636]
404. Initial Letter................................[...642]
405. Portrait of Colonel William Darton............[...643]
406. Prescott's Head-quarters......................[...644]
407. Portrait of D'Estaing.........................[...646]
408. Plan of Operations upon Rhode Island in 1778..[...648]
409. Engagement on Rhode Island, August 29,1778 ...[...651]
410. Ancient Sycamore..............................[...653]
411. Quaker Hill, from the Fort on Dutts's Hill....[...037]
412. View Northward from Dutts's Hill..............[...658]
413. Portrait and Sign-manuel of King Philip.......[...659]
414. Signatures of chief Warriors of King Philip...[...659]
415. Handwriting of Elliot and Gookin..............[...060]
416. Conannicut, or Dumplings Fort.................[...665]
417. Initial Letter................................[...666]
418. Washington's Head-quarters at Newburgh........[...667]
419. The Dining-hall, or Room with seven Doors.....[...668]
420. Monument at Goshen............................[...671]
421. Signature of Lewis Nicola.....................[...072]
422. Portrait of John Armstrong....................[...674]
423. Portrait of James Clinton.....................[...680]
424. Remains of Fortifications at Plum Point.......[...681]
423. Ilead-quarters of Greene and Knox.............[...682]
426. Signatures of young Ladies on a pane of Glass.[...683]
427. The Square, New Windsor.......................[...683]
428. Residence of Mrs. Falls.......................[...684]
429. The Temple....................................[...685]
430. View of the Camp Ground.......................[...685]
431. Ancient Stone House near the Temple...........[...685]
432. Portrait of Robert Durnet.....................[...686]
433. Portrait of Usual Knapp.......................[...687]
431. Signatures of Washington's Life Guard.........[...688]
435. Banner of Washington's Life Guard.............[...688]
436. Fac-simile—Return of the Commander's Guard...[...689]
437. The Wharton House.............................[...690]
438. Portrait of Enoch Crosby......................[...690]
439. Dutch Church. Fishkill........................[...691]
440. Trinity Church................................[...692]
441. The Verplanck House...........................[...693]
442. Societyofthe Cincinnati-Member's Certificate..[...696]
443. Order of the Cincinnati.......................[...697]
444. Initial Letter................................[...698]
445. Great Chain and Mortars.......................[...700]
446. View from Fort Clinton, looking North.........[a]...701]
447. Koseuiszko's Garden...........................[a]...701]
448. Koseuiszko's Signature........................[a]...701]
449. Interior of Fort Putnam.......................[...703]
450. Signature of Dernard Romans...................[...703]
451. Plan of Fort Constitution.....................[...703]
452. Plan of the Magazine..........................[...704]
453. Signature of La Radiera.......................[...704]
454. View of West Point in 1780....................[...704]
455. Signature of Duportail........................[...704]
456. Map of West Point.............................[...705]
457. Ruins of Fort Putnam, as seen from Fort Webb..[...707]
458. View fhim Constitution Island.................[...708]
459. Arnold's Willow...............................[...708]
460. The Robinson House............................[...708]
461. Portrait of Deverly Robinson..................[...709]
462. Portrait of Denediet Arnold...................[...710]
463. Fac-Similes—Arnold and Andre's Letters.......[...714]
464. Signature of Elisha Sheldon...................[...715]
465. Map showing the Scene of Arnold's Treason.....[...716]
466. Smith's House.................................[...720]
467. Signature of Villefranclie....................[...721]
468. Signature of Major Dauman.....................[...722]
409. Fac Simile of Arnold's Pass...................[...723]
470. Signature of Joshua II. Smith.................[...724]
471. Initial Letter................................[...725]
472. Signatures of Arnold's Aids...................[...725]
473. The Dreakfast Room............................[...726]
474. View at Deverly Dock..........................[...729]
475. View near Fort Montgomery.....................[...731]
470. Lake Sinnipink, or Bloody Pond................[...731]
477. Portrait of Deverly Garrison..................[...732]
478. Picture of part of a Doom.....................[...732]
479. Plan of Attack upon Fort Montgomery ..........[...734]
480. View from Peekskill Landing...................[...734]
481. Signatures of Vaughan and Wallace.............[...736]
482. The Dirdsall House............................[...736]
483. Signature of Philip Van Cortlandt.............[...739]
484. Paulding's Monument, and St. Peter's Church...[...739]
485. View from Gallows Hill........................[...740]
486. Signature of Alexander M'Dougal...............[...740]
487. Signature of Samuel II. Parsons...............[...742]
488. Map of Verplanck's and Stony Points...........[...743]
489. Rear View at Stony Point......................[...744]
490. Portrait of General Wayne.....................[...745]
491. Wayne's Monument..............................[...745]
492. View of Stony Point from the Southwest .......[...746]
493. Fac-Simile of Wayne's Dispatch to Washington..[...747]
494. Gold Medal awarded to General Wayne...........[...748]
495. Medal awarded to Lieutenant-colonel De Fleury.[...749]
496. Medal awarded to Major Stewart................[...750]
497. Initial Letter................................[...751]
498. The Ferryman..................................[...751]
499. King's Ferry Sign-board.......................[...751]
500. View from Smith's House ......................[...753]
501. View of the Place where André was captured....[...754]
502. Colonel Jameson's Ilead-quarters..............[...756]
503. Ancient Dutch Church..........................[...758]
504. Dridge over Sleepy Hollow Creek...............[...759]
505. The Vane......................................[...759]
506. Communion-table...............................[...759]
507. Receiving Tomb................................[...760]
508. Van Wart's Monument...........................[...760]
509. "Sunnyside," Residence of Washington Irving...[...761]
510. View from the Ruins of the old Fort...........[...762]
511. The Livingston Mansion........................[...763]
512. Washington's Ilead-quarters at Tappan.........[...764]
513. John André, from a Miniature, by himself......[...765]
514. Major André, from a Pencil Sketch.............[...765]
515. Andre's Monument in Westminster Abbey.........[...767]
516. Portrait of Aaron Ogden.......................[...768]
517. Major André—pen-and-ink Sketch, by himself...[...771]
518. Place of Andre's Execution....................[...772]
519. The Captor's Medal............................[...773]
520. Ruins of a Forge near Ramapo Village..........[...778]
521. Torn Rock.....................................[...760]
522. Remains of Intrenchments at the Ramapo Pass...[...781]
523. The Hopper House..............................[...782]
524. Hopper's Monument.............................[...782]
525. Durr's Head-quarters..........................[...783]

INTRODUCTION

As my journey was among scenes and things hallowed to the feelings of every American, I felt a hope that a record of the pilgrimage, interwoven with that of the facts of past history, would attract the attention, and win to the perusal of the chronicles of our Revolution many who could not be otherwise decoyed into the apparently arid and flowerless domains of mere history. I accordingly determined to make the record of the tour to the important localities of the Revolution a leading feature in the work. Here another difficulty was encountered. So widely scattered are those localities, and so simultaneous were many of the events, that a connected narrative of the journey must necessarily break up the chronological unity of the history, and, at times, produce some confusion. To give incidents of the journey, and sketches and descriptions of the scenery and relics as they appear at present, in fragmentary notes, would deny to the work the charm of a book of travel, and thus almost wholly remove the prime object in view in giving such narrative. The apparently less objectionable course was chosen, and the history was broken into fragments, arranged, in the exhibition, in accordance with the order in which each locality was visited, the fragments individualized as much as possible, yet always maintaining a tie of visible relationship with the whole. The apparent difficulties in the way of the student which this plan suggests, are removed by the aid of a complete Analytical Index at the close of the work, while the narrative of the tour remains unbroken, except by the continually recurring appendices of history. How far this arrangement shall accomplish the desired result the candid judgment of the reader must determine.

To collect the pictorial and other materials for this work, I traveled more than eight thousand miles in the Old Thirteen States and Canada, and visited every important place made memorable by the events of the war; yet, in all that long and devious journey, through cities and villages, amid mountains and vast pine forests, along rivers and over fertile plantations, from New England to Georgia, with no passport to the confidence, no claim to the regard of those from whom information was sought, except such as the object of my errand afforded, and communing with men of every social and intellectual grade, I never experienced an unkind word or cold repulsion of manner. On the contrary, politeness always greeted my first salutation, and, when the object of my visit was announced, hospitality and friendly services were freely bestowed. Every where the memorials of our Revolution are cherished with devotional earnestness, and a feeling of reverence for these things abounds, though kept quiescent by the progressive spirit of the age. To those who thus aided and cheered me in my enterprise, I here proffer my sincere thanks. I can not name them all, for they are too numerous, but they will ever remain cherished "pictures on memory's wall."

It has been said that "diligence and accuracy are the only merits which a historical writer may ascribe to himself." Neither labor nor care has been spared in the collection of materials, and in endeavors to produce a work as free from grave errors as possible. It has imperfections; it would be foolish egotism to assert the contrary. In the various histories of the same events many discrepancies appear; these I have endeavored to reconcile or correct by documentary and other reliable testimony; and if the work is not more accurate than its predecessors, it is believed to be equally so with the most reliable. Free use has been made of the available labors of others in the same department of literature, always accrediting the source from whence facts were derived. I have aimed to view men and events with an impartial eye, censuring friends when they deserved censure, and commending enemies when truth and justice demanded the tribute. The historical events recorded were those of a family quarrel concerning vital principles in jurisprudence; and wisely did a sagacious English statesman console himself, at the close of the war, with the reflection, " We have been subdued, it is true, but, thank Heaven, the brain and the muscle which achieved the victory were nurtured by English blood; Old England, upon the Island of Great Britain, has been beaten only by Young England, in America." .

In the pictorial department, special care has been observed to make faithful delineations of fact. If a relic of the Revolution was not susceptible of picturesque effect in a drawing, without a departure from truth, it has been left in its plainness, lor my chief object was to illustrate the subject, not merely to embellish the book. I have endeavored to present the features of things as I found them, whether homely or charming, and have sought to delineate all that fell in my way worthy of preservation. To do this, it was necessary to make the engravings numerous, and no larger than perspicuity demanded, else the work would be filled with pictures to the exclusion of essential reading matter.

The plans of military movements have been drawn chiefly from British sources, for very few were made by the engineers in the Continental service. These appear to be generally pretty correct, so far as they represent the immediate movements of the armies in actual conflict; but the general topographical knowledge possessed by those engineers, was quite defective. I have endeavored to detect and correct their inaccuracies, either in the drawings or in the illustrative descriptions.