Decoration of MSS., Irish, [35], [36]

— Anglo-Saxon, [35]

— Frankish, [37], [43]

— Gallo-Roman, [44], [47]

— English, [45]

— German, [45]

— Spanish, [46]

— Italian, [46]

— Byzantine, [46], [47]

Demotic writing (Egyptian), [9], [84]