The middle stage of savagery begins with the discovery of fire. Fish was added to man’s food. In this way men were able to move in hordes in colder climates.
The upper stage of savagery dates back from the invention of the bow wherewith man could hunt his prey.
The lower stage of barbarism begins with introduction of pottery, the middle stage with the introduction of agriculture and the upper stage with the discovery of metals. The last is the stage wherein the Homeric Greeks live.
Simultaneously with humanity’s advance from the lower to the higher stages, the relations of the sexes also changed.
[DS] Punalua is an Indian word for uncle. In this family the children do not know their father, but they know the brother of their mother. The uncle is thus the relative who looks after the special interests of his sister’s children within the clan.
[DT] Many scholars differentiate between endogamous and exogamous tribes. But Morgan has shown that Endogamy and Exogamy are only two different stages, that in the course of evolution every human tribe has passed through the endogamous and exogamous stages. The Bible knows yet the exogamous stage. “Therefore, shall a man leave his father and mother and shall cleave unto his wife” (Genesis ii, 24). This shows that exogamy lasted into the stage of the pairing family. In the patriarchic family of the Bible, it is the woman who leaves her clan and joins that of her husband. The same is the case among the Homeric Greeks (Ilias vi, 29).
[DU] Homer often describes such gifts. Meleager is offered by the Aetolians fifty acres of land, if he agreed to fight the Kouretes (Ilias ix, 578).
[DV] The transition from the matriarchate to the patriarchate has been dramatized in the Orestea of Aeschylus.
Apollo proclaims:
“Not is the mother the child’s progenitor.