" and vice versa; thus either of these may be defined as the negation of the other. There is no further meaning in a truth-function over and above the conditions under which it is true or false.

It is clear that the above five truth-functions are not all independent. We can define some of them in terms of others. There is no great difficulty in reducing the number to two; the two chosen in Principia Mathematica are negation and disjunction. Implication is then defined as "not-

or

"; incompatibility as "not-

or not-