THE PROBLEM OF CHINA

BY

BERTRAND RUSSELL

O.M., F.K.S.
London
GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD
RUSKIN HOUSE MUSEUM STREET
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1922
SECOND IMPRESSION 1966

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
UNWIN BROTHERS LIMITED
WOKING AND LONDON

CONTENTS

  1. [QUESTIONS]
  2. [CHINA BEFORE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY]
  3. [CHINA AND THE WESTERN POWERS]
  4. [MODERN CHINA]
  5. [JAPAN BEFORE THE RESTORATION]
  6. [MODERN JAPAN]
  7. [JAPAN AND CHINA BEFORE 1914]
  8. [JAPAN AND CHINA DURING THE WAR]
  9. [THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE]
  10. [PRESENT FORCES AND TENDENCIES IN THE FAR EAST]
  11. [CHINESE AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION CONTRASTED]
  12. [THE CHINESE CHARACTER]
  13. [HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHINA]
  14. [INDUSTRIALISM IN CHINA]
  15. [THE OUTLOOK FOR CHINA]

The Ruler of the Southern Ocean was Shû (Heedless), the Ruler of the Northern Ocean was Hû (Sudden), and the Ruler of the Centre was Chaos. Shû and Hû were continually meeting in the land of Chaos, who treated them very well. They consulted together how they might repay his kindness, and said, "Men all have seven orifices for the purpose of seeing, hearing, eating, and breathing, while this poor Ruler alone has not one. Let us try and make them for him." Accordingly they dug one orifice in him every day; and at the end of seven days Chaos died.—[Chuang Tze, Legge's translation.]