BOLTON KING.
October 1902.
A reissue of the book has allowed me to revise it in the light of recent publications referring to Mazzini. A good many more of his letters have been printed since 1902 (including a second volume of the Epistolario), but with the exception of Mademoiselle Melegari's collection of his letters to her father, they are not important. Nor, with the exception of Signor Cantimori's illuminating Saggio, have I found any useful recent studies of his thought. I still adhere to the view that subsequent research will add little to our knowledge of him. I am glad, however, to be able now to take a different view of his connection with the publication of Kossuth's manifesto in 1853, and of Madame Sidoli's mission to Florence in 1833 (see pp. [68] and [169]).
BOLTON KING.
Warwick, November 1911.
A complete Bibliography of Mazzini will be found on page [367].
Table of Contents
| CHAPTER I | |
| The Home at Genoa | |
| 1805-1831. Aetat 0-25 | |
| PAGE | |
Boyhood and Youth—University Life—Literary Studies—Classicismand Romanticism—Joins the Carbonari—Arrest and Exile | [1]-[19] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| Young Italy | |
| 1831-1833. Aetat 25-27 | |
Condition of Italy—The Revolution of 1831—Young Italy—ItsPrinciples: Belief in Italy; Inspiration of Duty; Social Reform—ItsPolitical System: Republicanism; Italian Unity; Warwith Austria—Secret Societies | [20]-[34] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| Marseilles | |
| 1831-1834. Aetat 25-28 | |
At Marseilles—Spread of Young Italy—Letter to Charles Albert—TheArmy Plot in Piedmont—At Geneva—The Savoy Raid | [35]-[50] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| Switzerland | |
| 1834-1836. Aetat 28-31 | |
Life in Exile—Mental Crisis—Principles of the Revolution—YoungSwitzerland—Young Europe—Literary Work—Women Friends:Giuditta Sidoli; Madeleine de Mandrot | [51]-[72] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| London | |
| 1837-1843. Aetat 31-38 | |
Life in London—Spiritual Condition—English Friends—The Carlyles—Lamennaisand George Sand—Literary Work—Decay ofYoung Italy—The Italian School at Hatton Garden—Appeal toWorking Men | [73]-[99] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| The Revolution | |
| 1843-1848. Aetat 38-43 | |
Politics in Italy—The Bandieras—The Post-Office Scandal—ThePeople's International League—Life in 1845-47—Letter to PioNono—Attitude towards the Royalists—The Revolution of 1848—AtMilan | [100]-[122] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| The Roman Republic | |
| 1848-1849. Aetat 43-44 | |
The Collapse of the War—The People's War—At Florence—TheMission of Rome—The Roman Republic—The Triumvirate—Attitudeto the Church—The French Attack | [123]-[138] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| London Again | |
| 1849-1859. Aetat 44-54 | |
In Switzerland—Life in London—English Friends—English Politicsand Literature—The "Friends of Italy" | [139]-[153] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| Mazzini and Cavour | |
| 1850-1857. Aetat 45-52 | |
The Piedmontese School—Mazzini and Cavour—The French Alliance—Mazziniand Manin—The Theory of the Dagger—Conspiracies—TheGenoese plot of 1857 | [154]-[175] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| Unity Half Won | |
| 1858-1860. Aetat 53-55 | |
The War of 1859—At Florence—Plans for the South—Garibaldi'sExpedition—Projected Raid into Umbria—At Naples | [176]-[188] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| For Venice | |
| 1861-1866. Aetat 56-61 | |
Policy after 1860—Disappointment in Italy—Rome and Venice—Attitudetowards the Monarchy—Life in England—The GrecoPlot—American and Irish Politics—Mazzini and Garibaldi—Overturesfrom Victor Emmanuel—The War of 1866 | [189]-[207] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| The Last Years | |
| 1866-1872. Aetat 61-66 | |
The Republican Alliance—Life at Lugano—Mentana—RepublicanMovement in 1868-70—Intrigue with Bismarck—Imprisonment atGaeta, and Release—Attack on the International—Death | [208]-[221] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| Religion | |
Religion Essential to Society—Paramountcy of the Spiritual—Criticismof Christianity; Catholicism; Protestantism—Christ'sTeaching: its Truths and Imperfections—The Doctrines of theNew Faith: God; Progress; Immortality—The Criteria ofTruth: the Conscience; Tradition—Humanity—The Need ofUnity; Authority; Church and State; the New Church | [222]-[248] |
| CHAPTER XIV | |
| Duty | |
Morality Depends on an Ideal—Criticism of the Theory of Rightsand Utilitarianism—Happiness not the End of Life—Life is aMission—Work for the Sake of Duty—Thought Useless withoutAction—Power of the Principle of Duty—Duties to Self; Family;Country | [249]-[266] |
| CHAPTER XV | |
| The State | |
The Moral Law and the State—Duties of the State: Liberty, Association,Education—Sovereignty is in God—Democracy—TheIdeal Government—The Republic—The Ideal State | [267]-[282] |
| CHAPTER XVI | |
| Social Theories | |
Importance of Social Questions—Their Moral Basis—Attack onSocialism—Contrast between Mazzini's and its Theories andWork—Social Programme—Cooperation | [283]-[295] |
| CHAPTER XVII | |
| Nationality | |
Country and Humanity—The Marks of Nationality: the Will of thePeople; the Sense of National Mission—Patriotism—InternationalSolidarity—Ethics of Foreign Policy; Non-Intervention;War; the Special Missions of each Country—The Future ofEurope—The Slavs—The United States of Europe—Italy's InternationalFunction | [296]-[311] |
| CHAPTER XVIII | |
| Literary Criticism | |
The Function of the Critic—The Function of the Poet—Art mustavoid 'Art for the sake of Art' and Realism—It must beHuman, Social, Didactic—Poetry of Modern Life—The HistoricalDrama—Music—'Objective' and 'Subjective' Poets—Dante—Shakespeare—Goethe—Byron | [312]-[328] |
| CHAPTER XIX | |
| The Man | |
Poetic Temperament—Defects as a Thinker—Greatness as a MoralTeacher—Strength and Weakness as a Politician—The Man | [329]-[341] |
| APPENDIX A | |
Some Unpublished (in one case privately published) Letters andPapers, written by Mazzini | [343]-[367] |
| APPENDIX B | |
Bibliography of Mazzini's Writings | [367]-[373] |
| INDEX | [374] |