ELEMENTARY STUDIES

BY
BRADFORD TORREY

WITH TWELVE ILLUSTRATIONS IN
COLORS AFTER AUDUBON, AND
TWO FROM PHOTOGRAPHS

BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
The Riverside Press, Cambridge

COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY BRADFORD TORREY
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIFTH IMPRESSION

CONTENTS

Page
I. Two Little Kings[ 1]
II. The Chickadee[ 7]
III. The Brown Creeper[ 10]
IV. The Brown Thrasher[ 15]
V. The Butcher-bird[ 19]
VI. The Scarlet Tanager[ 22]
VII. The Song Sparrow[ 26]
VIII. The Field Sparrow and the Chipper [ 30]
IX. Some April Sparrows[ 35]
X. The Rose-breasted Grosbeak[ 40]
XI. The Blue Jay[ 43]
XII. The Kingbird[ 47]
XIII. The Hummingbird[ 51]
XIV. The Chimney Swift [ 56]
XV. Nighthawk and Whip-poor-will[ 59]
XVI. The Flicker[ 64]
XVII. The Bittern[ 68]
XVIII. Birds for Everybody[ 82]
XIX. Winter Pensioners[ 87]
XX. Watching the Procession[ 93]
XXI. Southward Bound[ 99]
Index[ 105]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
Blue Jay (page [43]) [Frontispiece]
Golden-crowned Kinglet[ 2]
Chickadee [ 8]
Brown Creeper[ 12]
Brown Thrasher[ 16]
Scarlet Tanager[ 22]
Song Sparrow [ 26]
Rose-breasted Grosbeak[ 40]
Ruby-throated Hummingbird[ 52]
Nighthawk[ 60]
Whip-poor-will[ 62]
Flicker[ 66]