Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and Republican, Vol. 1 of 2 / A Historical, Geographical, Political, Statistical and Social Account of That Country From the Period of the Invasion by the Spaniards to the Present Time. - Brantz Mayer

Column Headings: A: Names of the months. B: Tititl. C: Itzcalli. D: Xilomanaliztli. E: Tlacaxipehnaliztli. F: Tozoztontli. G: Hueytozoztli. H: Toxcall. I: Etzalqualiztli. J: Tecuilhuitontli. K: Heuytecuilhuitl. L: Miccailhuitonili. M: Heuymiccailhuitl. N: Ochpaniztli. O: Pachtli. P: Heuypachtli. Q: Quecholli. R: Panquetzaliztli. S: Atenioztli. T: The five Nemontemi.

A		L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	S	T
Months.		11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th

Day of the Julian year, N. S., on which each month begins.		July 28	Aug. 17	Sept. 6	Sept. 26	Oct. 16	Nov. 5	Nov. 25	Dec. 15	Jan. 4

1 Sea Animal	Cipactli	6 c	13 e	7 g	1 i	8 b	2 d	9 f	3 h	10
2 Wind	Ehecatl	7 d	1 f	8 h	2 a	9 c	3 e	10 g	4 i	11
3 House	Calli	8 e	2 g	9 i	3 b	10 d	4 f	11 h	5 a	12
4 Small Lizard	Cuetzpalin	9 f	3 h	10 a	4 c	11 e	5 g	12 i	6 b	13
5 Serpent	Cohuatl	10 g	4 i	11 b	5 d	12 f	6 h	13 a	7 c
6 Death	Miquiztli	11 h	5 a	12 c	6 e	13 g	7 i	1 b	8 d
7 Deer	Mazatl	12 i	6 b	13 d	7 f	1 h	8 a	2 c	9 e
8 Rabbit	Tochtli	13 a	7 c	1 e	8 g	2 i	9 b	3 d	10 f
9 Water	Atl	1 b	8 d	2 f	9 h	3 a	10 c	4 e	11 g
10 Dog	Itzcuintli	2 c	9 e	3 g	10 i	4 b	11 d	5 f	12 h
11 Ape	Ozomatli	3 d	10 f	4 h	11 a	5 c	12 e	6 g	13 i
12 Twisted Grass	Malinalli	4 e	11 g	5 i	12 b	6 d	13 f	7 h	1 a
13 Reed	Acatl	5 f	12 h	6 a	13 c	7 e	1 g	8 i	2 b
14 Tiger	Ocelotl	6 g	13 i	7 b	1 d	8 f	2 h	9 a	3 c
15 Eagle	Quauhtli	7 h	1 a	8 c	2 e	9 g	3 i	10 b	4 d
16 Bird (Aura)	Cozcaquauhtli	8 i	2 b	9 d	3 f	10 h	4 a	11 c	5 e
17 Motion of Sun	Ollin	9 a	3 c	10 e	4 g	11 i	5 b	12 d	6 f
18 Pedestal Silex	Tecpatl	10 b	4 d	11 f	5 h	12 a	6 c	13 e	7 g
19 Rain	Quiahuitl	11 c	5 e	12 g	6 i	13 b	7 d	1 f	8 h
20 Flower	Xochitl	12 d	6 f	13 h	7 a	1 c	8 e	2 g	9 i
Day of the year corresponding with last day of each month.		220	240	260	280	300	320	340	360	365

Day of the Julian year, N. S., on which each month ends.		Aug. 16	Sept. 5	Sept. 25	Oct. 15	Nov. 4	Nov. 24	Dec. 14	Jan. 3	Jan. 8

In this perpetual almanac, each day in the year is designated by three characteristics derived from the combination of three series, viz.: That of the 20 days of the month, each of which has a distinct name and hieroglyphic, from Cipactli to Xochitl; and as these names are the same and in the same order in every month, the column in which they are set down answers for every month. The series of 13 days, designed by its proper numeral from 1 to 13. And the series of the 9 night companions, designated in this Table by the letters a, b, ... h, i, viz.:

a. {Xiuhteuctli.
{Tletl.
b. Tecpatl.
c. Xochitl.
d. Cinteotl.
e. Miquiztli.
f. Atl.
g. Tlazolteotl.
h. Tepeyolotli.
i. Quiahuitl.

Thus every day in the year is so distinguished that it can never be confounded with any other. The day 4 Ollin is the 17th day of both the first and the fourteenth month; but in the first instance it is distinguished by the letter h, and in the second by the letter g. If the characteristics of the 9th day of the 10th month be required, the Table shows that it is 7 Atl i; and thus also the 13th day of the 16th month (Quecholli) is shown to be 1 Acatl g, and the 313th of the year.

But it is only for the first year of the cycle (1 Tochtli) that the Mexican year corresponds with ours in the manner stated in the Table. For, on account of our intercalation of one day every bissextile year, the Mexican year receded, as compared with ours, one day every four years. This correction must therefore be made, whenever a comparison of the dates is wanted for any other than the first year of the cycle. The Mexican intercalation of 13 days at the end of the cycle of 52 years made again the first year of every cycle correspond with our year, in the manner stated in the Table.

Another correction is again necessary, when we have a Tescocan instead of a Mexican date. For the first year of the Mexican cycle was 1 Tochtli, and that of Tescoco was 1 Acatl; which caused a difference now of three, now of ten days in their calendars, which in every other respect were the same. Both corrections appear in the second Table.—Trans. Amer. Ethnol. Soc., vol. i, p. 114. Tables C¹, and C².

			Julian Year.
	Mexican	A. D.	Old Style.		New Style.
	year.		Mexico.	Tescoco.	Mexico.	Tescoco.
1st year of Mexican Cycle	1 Tochtli	1454	Dec. 31	Dec. 21	Jan. 9	Dec. 30
Bissextile year	3 Tecpatl	1456	30	20	8	29
do.	7 do.	1460	29	19	7	28
do.	11 do.	1464	28	18	6	27
Tescocan inter'n 13 days
1st year of Tesco'n Cycle	1 Acatl	1467	28	31	6	Jan. 9
Bissextile year	2 Tecpatl	1468	27	30	5	8
do.	6 do.	1472	26	29	4	7
do.	10 do.	1476	25	28	3	6
do.	1 do.	1480	24	27	2	5
do.	5 do.	1484	23	26	1	4
do.	9 do.	1488	22	25	Dec. 31	3
do.	13 do.	1492	21	24	30	2
do.	4 do.	1496	20	23	29	1
do.	8 do.	1500	19	22	28	Dec. 31
do.	12 do.	1504	18	21	27	30
Mexican intercal 13 days
1st year of Mexic'n Cycle	1 Tochtli	1506	31	21	Jan. 9	30
Bissextile year	3 Tecpatl	1508	30	20	8	29
do.	7 do.	1512	29	19	7	28
do.	11 do.	1516	28	18	6	27
Tescocan inter'n 13 days
1st year Tesco'n Cycle Cortéz enters Mexico	1 Acatl	1519	28	31	6	Jan. 9
Bissextile year	2 Tecpatl	1520	27	30	5	8
Capture of Mexico	3 Calli	1521	27	30	5	8

MEXICAN CYCLE OF 52 YEARS.

1st year.	14th year.	27th year.	40th year.
1 Tochtli	1 Acatl	1 Tecpatl	1 Calli
2 Acatl	2 Tecpatl	2 Calli	2 Tochtli
3 Tecpatl	3 Calli	3 Tochtli	3 Acatl
4 Calli	4 Tochtli	4 Acatl	4 Tecpatl
5 Tochtli	5 Acatl	5 Tecpatl	5 Calli
6 Acatl	6 Tecpatl	6 Calli	6 Tochtli
7 Tecpatl	7 Calli	7 Tochtli	7 Acatl
8 Calli	8 Tochtli	8 Acatl	8 Tecpatl
9 Tochtli	9 Acatl	9 Tecpatl	9 Calli
10 Acatl	10 Tecpatl	10 Calli	10 Tochtli
11 Tecpatl	11 Calli	11 Tochtli	11 Acatl
12 Calli	12 Tochtli	12 Acatl	12 Tecpatl
13 Tochtli	13 Acatl	13 Tecpatl	13 Calli