Between the Indians and the whites,—except perhaps on the haciendas—there still continues the same old rancorous feeling which generated the general insurrection narrated in the historical part of this work. The PUEBLO Indians live always isolated in their villages, cultivate the soil, raise some stock, and are generally poor, frugal, and sober. These various tribes, of which a large number still exist, are reduced to probably about seven thousand souls. They speak different dialects and sometimes broken Spanish. For the government of their communities they select a Cacique and a council, and in war are led by a Capitan. In religious rites they mingle Catholicism and Paganism. Their villages are very regularly built; though sometimes, there is but one large house of several stories, with a vast number of small rooms, in which all the inhabitants of the pueblo are quartered! Instead of doors in front, traps are made on the roofs of their dwellings to which they ascend by a ladder that is withdrawn during the night so as to secure them, from surprise or attack. Their dress consists of moccasins, short breeches and a woollen jacket or blanket; their black hair is usually worn long, while bows and arrows together with a lance and sometimes a gun compose their weapons.[72]
The late Governor, Charles Bent, in a report to the United States Government from Santa Fé in 1846, presents the following statement of the tribes and numbers of the Wild Indians, who reside or roam in the regions which were then supposed to be comprised in New Mexico. Bent's perfect familiarity with a district in which he had so long dwelt or traded, renders his enumeration of these savages an important historical fact in the history of the newly acquired Territory.
| Apaches or Jicarillas, | 100 | lodges | comprising | 500 | souls. |
| Apaches proper, | 800 or 900 | " | " | 5,500 | " |
| Utahs, Grande Unita rivers, | 600 | " | " | 3,000 | " |
| Utahs, Southern, | 200 | " | " | 1,400 | " |
| Navajos, | 1,000 | families | " | 7,000 | " |
| Moques, | 350 | " | " | 2,450 | " |
| Comanches, | 2,500 | lodges | " | 12,000 | " |
| Cayugas, | 400 | " | " | 2,000 | " |
| Cheyennes, | 300 | " | " | 1,500 | " |
| Arapahoes, | 400 | " | " | 1,600 | " |
| Total, | 36,950 | " |
According to a report made in October, 1849, by Mr. James S. Calhoun, Indian Agent at Santa Fé, the following summary of the Pueblos, and Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, is based on a census ordered by the legislature of New Mexico, convened in December, 1847; but it includes only individuals five years of age and upwards.
PUEBLOS AND PUEBLO INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO.
| Counties. | Pueblos. | Pueblo Indians over 5 years |
| County of Taos, | Taos, Picoris | 283 |
| "Rio Arriva, | San Juan, Santa Clara | 500 |
| "Santa Fé, | San Ildefonso, Namba, Pojoaque, Tezuque | 590 |
| "Santa Anna, | Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Félipé, Santa Anna, Ziá, Jemez, | 1,918 |
| "Bernalillo, | Sandia, Gleta, | 833 |
| "Valencia, | Laguna, Acoma, Zunia, | 1,800 |
| Opposite El Paso, | Socoro, Islettas, | 600 |
| Total of Pueblos 21. | Total of Pueblo Indians | 6,524 |