Fig. 141.—Foot of the Hermes of Olympia (No. 349). 1:9.
A simpler boot or shoe of modern pattern was also in use. In its plainest forms it represents the Roman boot (calceus). Several examples (No. 351) are shown in this case. See also a vase (No. 352) in the form of a modern lace-boot. The nails on the sole are arranged so as to impress alpha and omega, and the mystic symbol of the swastika on the ground. A delicate gold model of a boot (No. 353) has
πατοῦ "walk!" (?) on the sole. A shoe has been found in Egypt, impressing at every step the invitation ΑΚΟΛΟΥΘΕΙ ("follow!") The shoemaker at work in his workshop is seen in the fifth century kylix (E 86; No. 354). He is in the act of cutting the leather with the semicircular knife of the form still in use.
In conclusion, attention should be drawn to the bronze statuette (No. 355; fig. 142) of a kneeling negro slave cleaning a boot.
On Greek Dress, cf. Lady Evans, Greek Dress; E. B. Abrahams, Greek Dress; on Roman, Heuzey in Rev. de l'art ancien et moderne, 1897; Daremberg and Saglio, s.v. Pallium, Peplos, Toga. On shoes and sandals, see ibid., Calceus, Caliga, Solea.
Fibulae.—Although the straight pin (cf. p. 137) was used for fastening the dress, fibulae—that is, brooches on the safety-pin principle—were most commonly worn. This method of fastening was of early origin, and its use can be traced in all parts of Europe, but, curiously enough, it seems to have been unknown in Egypt and the East. The fibula experienced in the first centuries of its existence and in the hands of different peoples so many variations and developments of form, that these can be classified in distinct types, and their presence in tombs and other deposits affords valuable evidence of the date and origin of the objects with which they occur.
The reader who wishes to pursue the study of the fibula with more detail is referred to drawers 1-8 in Case D of the Bronze Room, and to the collections in the Iron Age Room. In this case of toilet accessories only a few of the typical forms are shown.
