Some mills to continue Mr. Thackston's statement, cost in plant, he said four times their total capital. A man would build a 10,000-spindle mill and add to it greatly, not increasing the capital at all; he trusted to earnings to care for the debt, and delayed payments on common stock.

A remark of Mr. Goldsmith, though he unfortunately does not give the source of his information, confirms this calculation. He says: "The average South Carolina weaving mill costs about $20 to $21 per spindle; it is capitalized at about $12 per spindle, and earns from $2 to $4 per annum per spindle."[420]

A statement covering five years for average well-managed mill properties in and around Greenville, South Carolina, shows, he said:

Average earnings on plant cost 13.47 per cent.
""per spindle $ 2.94
"cost"" 21.08
Capitalized at"" 12.72

His conclusion was that "In general, the dividends on the actual cost of the plants have not been over 12 per cent."[421]

As to the development, nature and persistence of a market in the South for cotton mill securities, the principal partner in a firm dealing in stocks, bonds, real estate loans, and fire insurance, who has besides long been identified with the cotton manufacturing industry in the Piedmont region, said: "... as far as I am able to recall, the stock market began to develop in this section about 1898 to 1901; and referring to some old records, as of March, 1901, I find such entries as this:

"5 Monaghan at 95
3 Brandon at 90"

with other entries of the same kind.

"About this date, in the up-country there were several young men who began trading in these stocks largely on a brokerage proposition. I recall the names of:

A. M. Law & Co Spartanburg, S.C.
W. D. Glenn Spartanburg, S.C.
F. C. Abbott & Co Charlotte, N.C.
George E. Gibbon Charleston, S.C.