Blake Plateau Sector.—This sector is divided into two parts, the northern part from Cape Hatteras to 29° N. (essentially a transition zone) and the southern or main Blake Plateau between 29° N. and the northern edge of the Bahamas at 26° N.
The shelf break lies parallel to the coast, about 60 miles offshore, from just south of Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral. The continental slope extends (at a gradient of 1:40) only to depths of 300-400 fathoms where the lower gradients (ca. 1:1000) of the Blake Plateau are found.
The main or southern Blake Plateau is 170 miles wide (east-west) and extends from the latitude of Grand Bahama Island to 30° N. From this point to Cape Hatteras the Blake Plateau narrows and disappears. The Blake Escarpment forms a precipitous drop to abyssal depths along the eastern edge of the plateau. The top of the Blake Escarpment lies at about 550 fathoms, and its base at about 2600 fathoms. The Escarpment is typically formed by two or three distinct slope segments.
An echogram obtained along a track running southeast from Charleston, South Carolina, is reproduced in Figure 1 of Plate 7. The continental shelf extends from the shore at an extremely low gradient to the 25-fathom isobath where a small definite notch marks an increase in gradient to 1:1000. This gradient continues to the 50-fathom isobath where it changes to 1:40. At the 90-fathom curve the gradient increases to 1:120 and continues to 160 fathoms where it finally increases to 1:40. This continental slope drops from 160 fathoms to 280 fathoms where the gradient flattens, and the surface changes from smooth to rough, with hills 10 to 20 fathoms high and half a mile to 1-½ miles wide. These hills, which extend for 4-6 miles along the profile, directly underlie the Gulf Stream.
For 50 miles seaward of these hills the ocean floor is irregular between 230 and 300 fathoms. At 90 miles from shore five eastward-facing scarps 10-20 fathoms high form a striking contrast to the generally smooth, gently rolling topography. At 300 fathoms the gradient increases to 1:200, and the sea floor drops for the next 24 miles to 400 fathoms where a few small hills are associated with a drop in the gradient to 1:1000. Southeast of this point the bottom is smooth until at a depth of 430 fathoms a steep scarp drops abruptly 30 fathoms to form a mile-wide depression 20-30 fathoms deep. The southeast side of this feature rises to 445 fathoms, and southeastward of a few 5-fathom scarps the surface of the Blake Plateau becomes smooth.
- Figure 1. Upper Continental Rise
- Figure 2. Oblique Crossing of Submarine Canyon
- Figure 3. Smooth Bottom of Lower Continental Rise
- Figure 4. Lower Continental Hills
REPRESENTATIVE PDR RECORDS FROM CONTINENTAL RISE OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
- Figure 1. Shelf Break and Continental Slope off New York
- Figure 2. Small Hills on Continental Slope off Daytona Beach, Florida
- Figure 3. Small Hills in the Straits of Florida
- Figure 4. Small Abrupt Depressions on the Inner Part of the Blake Plateau