The Revolutionary Movement of 1848-9 in Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany / With Some Examination of the Previous Thirty-three Years - C. Edmund Maurice

A.
Aargau, [152], [155], [160].
Agram, Bishop of in Gaj's time, [99];
Assembly at, [144]-[5];
May Meeting at, [318]-[19];
contrasted with Prague, [333].
Albrecht (Professor), [92]. See also [Arch Dukes].
Alessandria, occupation of, [3];
in 1821, [39]-[40], [43];
threatened by Radetzky, [182].
Alexander I. of Russia, character of, [3]-[4];
relations with M^me de Krüdener, [7];
plan of Holy Alliance, [8];
supports Sardinia, [27];
attitude in 1820, [32];
treatment of Greece, [46]-[7];
death, [49].
Alfieri, Vittorio, influence of, [23];
Manzoni's feeling to, [25], [54];
influence in Piedmont, [35].
Allemandi, [350].
Alliance, Holy. See [Holy Alliance].
Altieri, Cardinal, [417].
Ancona, in 1831, [61], [118];
treatment of by French, [159];
by Triumvirs, [464]-[5];
fall of, [485].
Andrian, [208].
Anfossi, Augusto, conspiracy against Charles Felix, [61];
early career, [263];
in Milan, [263], [265], [267], [269];
death, [337].
---- Francesco, [365].
Antologia, of Florence, [54]-[5].
Antonelli, Cardinal, supports Italian war, [346];
suspected of treachery, [348].
Antonini, General, [469].
Apponyi, Chancellor of Hungary, [201].
Arch Duchess Sophia, opposed to Metternich, [207];
favours Jellaciç, [288];
denounced by Hungarians, [460].
Arch Duke Albert, in March insurrection, [239], [241].
---- Francis Charles, in Imperial Council, [207];
appealed to by merchants, [231];
attitude to Metternich, [241];
denounced by Hungarians, [460].
---- John, promises to Italy, [21];
his toast at Cologne, [209]-[10];
his liberalism, [241];
pressure on Metternich, [243];
made administrator, [363], [373];
forms new ministry, [374];
opens Viennese Parliament, [378];
intervenes in Croatian question, [383].
---- Louis, helps to govern Vienna, [206];
opposes removal of Hye, [207];
warns Metternich, [232];
his proposal about Windischgrätz, [240];
denounced by Hungarians, [460].
---- Maximilian, in March rising, [242]-[3].
---- Sigismund, [268].
---- Stephen, deserts Hungary, [395], [432];
denounced by Hungarians, [461].
Arcioni, at defence of Rome, [475].
Armellini, in provisional government, [423];
Triumvir, [464]; feelings to French, [473].
Arndt, relations with Stein, [10];
professor, [12];
in 1816, [12];
restored by Frederick William IV., [94];
thanked at Frankfort, [361]; vote on truce of Malmö, [374]-[5].
Arthaber, [245].
Ascoli, Duke of, [34]-[5].
---- conspiracy in, [464]-[5].
Auersperg, General, in October rising, [391], [393].
Auerswald, death of, [376].
Austria, Arch Duchy of, relations with Bohemia and Hungary, [250]-[3].
---- Emperors of. See [Francis], [Ferdinand], [Francis Joseph].
---- Empire of, special evils of in Italy, [20]-[22];
German language in, [89]-[90];
policy of, [132]-[3];
in Switzerland, [151], [159];
political character of, [209];
Möring's view of, see [Möring];
Kossuth's view of, [227]-[8];
attitude of Bohemians towards, [298]-[300];
of Viennese towards, [304];
proposed federation of, [333];
Radetzky's position in, [335].
---- Estates of. See [Estates].
---- House of, policy towards Serbs, [281]-[2];
feeling to Italy, [363];
deposed in Hungary, [458]-[61].
Avezzana, [474].
B.
Bach, his soup kitchen, [212];
his treatment of Rieger, [379].
Baden, from 1815-47, [219]-[20];
movement in in 1847-8, [220]-[1];
programme of leaders of, [232]-[3];
insurrections in, [361], [377]-[8], [485]. See also [Struve], [Hecker], and [Republicans, South German].
Balbo, Prospero, supposed liberalism of, [35];
in 1821, [38]-[9];
inconsistencies, [120]-[1].
---- Cesare, early career, [121];
Speranze d'Italia, [121]-[2].
Banat, [449], [456].
Bandiera Brothers, [118]-[20], [368].
Bassermann, [221].
Bassi, Ugo, [475], [487].
Batthyanyi, Louis, in 1839, [86];
in 1857, [202];
Prime Minister, [246];
his difficulties, [279]-[80];
his appeal to Szeklers, [316];
his interview with Jellaciç, [383]-[4];
feeling about Lamberg, [386];
his resignation, [388];
attempted mediation, [462]
Battles, of White Hill, [250]-[1];
of Goito first, [341];
second, [356];
of Cornuta, [349];
of Curtatone, [355];
of Somma Campagna, [364];
of Custozza, [364];
of Schwechat, [396]-[7], [432];
of Novara, [429].
Bava, General, [341], [363]-[4].
Bavaria, treatment of by Metternich, [13];
protest against concluding act of Vienna, [18];
resistance of to Metternich, [218];
revolution of 1848 in, [222];
quarrel of with Baden, [377].
Beauharnais, [21], [25].
Bem, early career, [394];
defence of Vienna, [396];
relations with Kossuth and Görgei, [436];
first campaign in Transylvania, [446]-[7];
contrasted with Csanyi, [449]-[50];
final struggle of, [492]-[3];
flies to Turkey, [494].
Bentinck, Lord William, [21], [44].
Berczenczei, [440].
Bergamo, [197], [268].
Berlin, March rising in, [247]-[9];
discontents in, [402]-[3];
riots in, [405]-[6];
struggle of Assembly in, [409]-[14].
Bern, [152], [154], [156].
Bible, Metternich's view of, [6].
Bini, Carlo, [55].
Blasendorf, [312]-[14].
Blum, Robert, first appearance, [92];
sympathy with Ronge, [95];
victory of, [96];
sympathy with Poland, [192];
in March rising, [223]-[5];
influence in Preparatory Parliament, [293], [295];
hinders May rising, [361];
view of Truce of Malmö, [374]-[5];
action in Frankfort riot, [375]-[6];
difference with Hecker, [376]-[7];
his republicanism, [377]-[8];
in Vienna, [393]-[7];
his death and its effects, [397]-[8].
Blumenthal, Major von, [412]-[13].
Bohemia, division of classes in, [204];
national feeling in, [206];
history of in 17th and 18th centuries, [250]-[3];
revival of language in, [253]-[4];
March rising in, [254]-[60];
race difficulties in, [289]-[92];
relations of to Frankfort Parliament, [295]-[302];
effect on of May rising, [308], [310];
peculiarity of its position, [333];
feeling towards Italy, [335];
triumphed over by Frankfort Parliament, [363];
Deputies of in Viennese Parliament, [387], [392];
Deputies at Olmütz, [415]-[16];
at Kremsier, [416];
treatment of in Constitution of 1849, [455]. See also [Slavs], [Prague], [Rieger].
Bologna, in 1830, [60];
attitude to Corsica, [60];
sympathy with Lombards, [354];
in August, 1848, [368]-[9];
struggle of in 1849, [466], [477]-[9].
Bolza, [144], [183], [267].
Bonn, [412].
Borrosch, tries to save Latour, [391];
at Kremsier, [416].
Bozzelli, [177].
Brandenburg, General, [408], [409]-[10].
---- City, [409], [413]-[14].
Brescia, [189], [261];
March rising in, [268]-[9];
Anfossi's service at, [365];
Garibaldi's march to, [356];
rising in 1849, [428]-[9].
Breslau, [406], [412].
Brunetti. See [Ciceruacchio].
Buda-Pesth, March movement in, [278]-[9];
contrasted with Presburg, [279]-[80];
death of Lamberg in, [388];
question of its defence, [438];
besieged by Görgei, [491].
Bund, constitution of in 1815, [8];
effect on of Carlsbad Decrees, [17];
strengthened in 1834, [90];
proposed reform of, [223].
Bundestag, duty of, [9];
decrees of in 1830, [50];
in Schleswig-Holstein question, [165];
action of in March, 1848, [224];
relations of with Frankfort Parliament, [295], [372]-[3].
Buonaparte, Charles Lucien, at Genoa, [143];
in Venice, [192]-[3];
advocates Italian Assembly, [419].
---- Napoleon I., [1], [2], [20]-[1].
---- Louis Napoleon, expulsion of from Switzerland, [154];
letter on Cavaignac's expedition, [467];
elected President, [467], [470];
answer to Roman deputation, [470].
Buonaparte, Pierre, [471].
Buonarotti, [70]-[1].
Burschenschaft, [14]-[15].
C.
Camarilla, [244], [381].
Camphausen, his policy, [370];
his fall, [405].
Campo Formio, Treaty of, [20], [23].
Canino, Prince of. See [Buonaparte, Charles Lucien].
Canning, George, his foreign policy, [48];
Metternich's opinion of him, [48];
treatment of Greece, [49];
his death, [50].
Capo d'Istria, [47].
Carbonari, [4];
rise and work of, [29]-[30];
in 1820, [31]-[2], [33];
Mazzini's relations with, [56]-[8].
Carlowitz, importance of to Serbs, [283], [284];
May meeting at, [311]-[12];
June attack on, [319]-[20];
contrasted with Prague, [333].
---- General von, [225].
Carlsbad Decrees, [17], [221].
Carlsruhe, [221].
Carpathians, [108], [109].
Casati, honours Confalonieri, [144];
character and position, [185];
behaviour in smoking riots, [197];
in March rising, [264]-[6], [267];
in Lombard war, [336];
policy of, [337];
Mazzini's relations with, [342], [349], [365];
action in May rising, [357];
feeling to Charles Albert, [358].
Castellani, [464].
Castlereagh, in 1815, [2];
in 1821, [44];
suicide, [48].
Cavaignac, [467].
Cavour, [181].
Cernuschi, conduct in March rising, [264];
arrested in May, [357]-[8];
his proposal in Rome, [487].
Charles Albert, early career, [37];
visits hospitals, [39];
action in 1821, [40], [41], [42];
accession, [61];
feelings of Italians to, [62]-[3];
Mazzini's letter to, [63]-[4];
position in Italy, [64]-[6];
conduct in 1846, [136]-[7], [147];
sympathies with Sonderbund, [157];
attitude in February 1848, [180]-[2];
action about Lombard rising, [337]-[8];
mistakes and victories, [340]-[1];
Pope's suspicions of, [346];
treatment of Venetia, [348]-[50], [359];
action about fusion, [350]-[1];
causes of influence, [351]-[2];
later victories and defeats, [355]-[6];
betrayal of Milan, [356]-[7];
Rossi's suspicions of, [420];
Guerrazzi's feeling to, [423]-[4];
rebuked by Pope, [425];
last war with Austria, [426], [428], [429];
Roman feeling towards, [427];
abdication, [429]-[30].
Charles Felix, his politics, [36]-[7];
accession, [41];
appeal to Charles Albert, [42];
system of government, [43];
treatment of Mazzini, [59];
conspiracy against, [61].
---- VI. of Germany, treatment of Serbs, [282].
Christian VIII. of Denmark, policy of in 1846, [163]-[4];
in 1848, [371]-[2].
Chrzanowski, [428].
Ciceruacchio, his myth of Pius IX., [142]-[3];
his suppression of clerical conspiracy, [145];
his demands for reform, [178];
desires Lombard war, [339].
Civita Vecchia, [467], [471], [472]-[3].
Coblenz, resistance to King of Prussia, [412].
Cologne, Archbishop of, quarrel of with Frederick William III., [93];
released, [94].
---- socialism in, [403].
Como, [189];

March rising in, [268].
Concordat of Seven, [152], [155].
Confalonieri, Federigo, position and work, [25]-[6];
in 1821, [36];
imprisoned, [44]-[6];
effect of death, [144].
Congress of Laybach, [34], [39], [40], [46].
---- of Verona, [48].
---- of Vienna, [2], [3].
Consalvi, Cardinal, policy, [3];
protest about Ferrara, [146].
Constitution, promise of in Bundes-act, [8];
granted by King of Würtemberg, [13];
promised by King of Prussia, [16];
crushed in 1819, [17]-[18].
---- for Austria, proposed by Kossuth, [227]-[8];
of April 1848, [305]-[6];
of May, [308];
of March 1849, [455]-[8].
---- of Bohemia, old, [251]-[4].
---- of Germany, devised at Frankfort, [415].
---- of Hungary, [73]-[5].
---- of Naples in 1848, [178], [199].
---- of Piedmont, [182].
---- of Prussia in April 1848, [403]-[4].
---- of Sicily, destruction of, [2];
in 1820, [33].
---- Spanish, [31];
in Naples, [32], [34];
in Sicily, [33];
in Piedmont, [36], [41], [43].
---- of Tuscany, [180].
Corcelles, [485].
Cornuta, [349].
Correnti, [264].
Corsica, [60].
Corsini, [128].
Cosenza, [119]-[20].
County Assemblies of Hungary, [74].
Cracow, [129]-[32], [134]-[5].
Cremona, [189];
March rising in, [269].
Crnojeviç, [311].
Croatia, early traditions of, [97]-[8];
language movement in, [98]-[100];
internal struggles, [104]-[5];
treatment of by Magyars, [106]-[7];
sympathy of with Saxons, [116];
Kossuth's view of in March 1848, [227]-[8];
soldiers of in Milan, [269];
in Venice, [271]-[3];
demands of in March 1848, [276]-[7];
opposition of to "Twelve Points," [287]-[8];
relations of with Ferdinand, [310];
with Serbs, [318]-[19];
demands of in Slav Congress, [327];
feeling in about Italy, [335]-[6];
sympathy of with Roumanians, [439];
attitude of to Constitution of 1849, [455];
influence of Jellaciç in, [457].
Csanyi, [449], [450]-[1].
Curtatone, Battle of, [355]-[6].
D.
Dahlmann, in 1837, [92];
in 1840, [94];
opposes truce of Malmö, [374];
subsequent action in Parliament, [374], [376].
Dalmatia, [97]-[8].
Dandolo, Enrico, [483].
Dante, influence of on Mazzini, [55]-[6].
Darmstadt. See [Hesse].
Dawkins, Consul, [488].
D'Azeglio, Massimo, "I Casi di Romagna," [128]-[9];
championship of Charles Albert, [137]-[8];
praise of Gizzi, [140];
demands Constitution, [181];
puts pressure on Pope, [339].
Deak, in 1832, [81]-[2];
rebuke to Gaj, [100];
resignation in 1843, [103];
helps in reforms, [201]-[2];
position in first Ministry, [279]-[80];
rebuke to Saxons, [315];
attempted mediation, [462];
final triumph, [496].
Debreczin, [438].
De Laugier, [355].
Del Caretto, [177].
Della Torre, in 1821, [42]-[3].
Dembinski, made commander, [439];
quarrel with Görgei, [452]-[3];
dismissal, [454].
Denmark, relations of with Schleswig-Holstein, [164], [371]-[2];
war with Germany, [373]-[5].
Dessewfy, in 1825, [76].
Deym, Count, [301], [323].
Dresden, [223]-[5].
Durando, Giacomo, conspiracy of, [61];
book on Italy, [125]-[6];
demands Constitution, [181].
---- Giovanni, made Papal general, [339]-[40];
denounces Radetzky, [340];
relations with Charles Albert and Manin, [345];
at Cornuta, [349];
defence of Vicenza, [349];
surrenders Vicenza, [359].
Düsseldorf, resistance to King of Prussia, [412].
E.
Endlicher, Professor, [234].
England, policy of in 1815, [2];
"madness of," 49;
relations of with Cracow, [131]-[2];
Gagern's feeling to, [233];
action in Sicily, [469].
Eötvös, controversy with Kossuth, [200];
in first Ministry, [279];
in deputation to Vienna, [387];
retirement, [462].
Estates of Bohemia, [208], [253].
---- of Lower Austria, [204], [210];
promises of Metternich to, [225];
action in March rising, [234]-[9].
---- of Schleswig-Holstein, [371].
Esterhazy in Hungarian Ministry, [279].
Ewald, protest in 1837, [92].
F.
Fabbri, [418].
Faster, [255], [260], [320], [331].
Favre, Jules, [476].
Ferdinand of Austria, accession, [85]-[6];
attitude to Croats, [106];
contrasted with Kossuth, [107];
feeling of Vienna towards, [206]-[8], [235], [245]-[6];
March deputation to, [234];
struggle with Ministers, [244]-[5];
concessions to Viennese, [246]-[7];
to Bohemia, [290];
appeal of Bohemians to, [301]-[2];
attitude in May, [308];
treatment of Jellaciç, [310];
of Roumanians, [318];
Palacky's gratitude to, [322];
supposed friendship with St Januarius, [352];
return to Vienna, [378];
attitude towards rival races, [381]-[5];
treatment of Hungarians, [385], [386]-[7], [388];
second flight, [393];
abdication, [415]-[16];
denounced by Hungarians, [460]-[1].
---- I. of Germany, Bohemian policy, [250];
opposition to Turks, [281].
---- II. of Germany, Bohemian policy, [251]-[2].
---- III. of Germany, Bohemian policy, [251]-[2].
---- I. of Naples, destroys Sicilian Constitution, [2];
influence of Filangieri on, [29];
attitude in 1816, [29];
in 1820, [82];
goes to Laybach, [34]-[5];
treachery of, [39];
tyranny, [44].
Ferdinand II. of Naples, government of Sicily, [169]-[70];
his birthday, [173];
concessions, [177]-[8];
joins Lombard war, [338];
jealousy of Charles Albert, [346];
May coup d'état, [352]-[3];
re-conquers Sicily, [468]-[70].
---- of Spain, tyranny, [30];
in 1820, [31].
---- of Tuscany, [53].
Ferrara, Austrian claim to, [3];
first Austrian occupation, [146]-[50];
expulsion of Austrians from, [354];
second occupation, [368];
third attack on, [466];
capture of, [477];
vote of, [477].
Ferrari, [349].
Ferrero, action in 1821, [40].
Ficquelmont, [186], [261], [302].
Filangieri, [29].
Fischhof, on March 13th, [235]-[9];
appeals about Press Law, [304];
tries to save Latour, [391]-[2];
at Kremsier, [416].
Fiume, [461].
Florence, [180], [424]-[5], [468].
Forli, [138], [422].
Foscolo, Ugo, early career, [23];
writes "Jacopo Ortis," [24];
"Il Conciliatore," [26].
Fossombroni, his policy, [53]-[4];
effect of his death, [128].
France in 1815, [2];
Mazzini in, [68]-[9];
sympathy with Poland, [129];
relations with Poland, [129];
with Cracow, [131];
in 1848, [215]-[18], [221], [225], [256];
treatment of Roman Republic, [469];
ambassador in Sicily, [469].
Francis, Emperor of Austria, relations with Metternich, [1];
popularity in Rhine Province, [12];
treatment of Hungary, [73], [75];
death, [85];
relations with Gaj, [99];
concessions to Cracow, [130];
rebuke of Salzburgers, [206];
effect of death, [206];
dislike of Jesuits, [211];
treatment of Estates of Lower Austria, [240];
treatment of Serbs, [283].
Francis IV. of Modena, character and policy, [41];
treachery, [50], [58];
attitude to Charles Albert, [64].
---- V. of Modena, [149]-[50].
---- of Naples, supposed liberalism, [30];
tyranny of, [62].
[---- Joseph], Kossuth's hopes from, [227];
accession, [416];
summons Kremsier Parliament, [416];
dissolves it, [417];
issues new Constitution, [455];
hostility to Hungary, [461];
appeals to Russians, [491].
Frankfort, Decrees at in 1832, [50], [221].
---- Preparatory Parliament at, [292]-[7].
---- Committee of Fifty at, [297].
---- riots at, [375]-[6].
---- Constituent Assembly at, proposed, [232];
early action of, [360]-[3];
causes of loss of power, [397];
failure in Schleswig-Holstein question, [370]-[5];
attitude of towards Prussian Parliament, [414];
offers Crown of Germany to Frederick William, [415];
fall of, [484]-[5].
Frankl, [note to 399].
Frederick II. of Prussia, attitude to German literature, [89].
---- William III. of Prussia, in 1815, [2]-[3];
feeling to Holy Alliance, [7]-[8];
relations with Schmaltz, [10]-[11];
scruples, [16];
quarrel with Archbishop of Cologne, [93];
character and death, [93]-[4].
---- William IV. of Prussia, character, [94];
relations with Metternich, [163];
summons to Estates, [165]-[6];
conduct in March rising, [226], [246]-[9];
treatment of Posen, [370];
declares war on Denmark, [373];
makes truce, [373]-[4];
appoints Brandenburg, [408];
interview with Jacoby, [408]-[9];
dissolves parliament, [413]-[14];
recalls deputies from Frankfort, [484];
suppresses Baden rising, [485];
see also [Prussia], [Frankfort], [Jacoby].
Freyburg, Canton, [160]-[1].
---- Town, [162].
Fröbel, [397].
Füster, [234].
G.
Gabler, [254]-[5], [258].
Gaeta, [422], [425].
Gagern, Heinrich von, influence in Darmstadt, [222];
at Heidelberg, [283].
Gaj, his Illyrian movement, [98]-[9];
his answer to Deak, [100];
defeat of his work, [100];
in March movement in Vienna, [276];
suspected by Greek clergy, [283]-[4];
his attitude to Serbs, [319];
his feelings to Italy, [335].
Galicia, insurrection of,1846, [132]-[4], [140];
Maria Theresa's treatment of, [253];
April rising in, [306]-[7];
demands in Slav Congress, [326];
wish for separation, [327].
Galletti, General, [474].
---- Minister, [421].
Garibaldi, repulsed by Charles Albert, [342];
in Lombardy, [366]-[7];
excluded from Bologna, [419];
defeats Zucchi, [464];
invited to Sicily, [469];
defeats Oudinot, [475]-[6];
defeats Neapolitans, [477];
quarrel with Roselli, [481]-[2];
struggle by the Vascello, [482]-[6];
popularity, [485];
advice to Assembly, [486];
final effort, [487].
Gavazzi, [419].
Gedeon, General, [444].
Genoa, treatment of, by England, [2];
in 1821, [42]-[3];
in 1847-8, [180]-[2];
sends volunteers to Lombardy, [337];
final insurrection in, [474].
Germany, aspirations of, [3];
religious feeling in, [5];
relations of with Bund, [8]-[9];
Stein's feeling towards, [8]-[10];
discontent in, [12]-[16];
condition of from 1819 to 1840, [90]-[1];
literary and religious movement in, [91]-[6];
question of unity of, [12], [210], [221]-[3], [226], [232], [236], [238], [248]-[9], [292]-[4], [407], [415];
relations of to Vienna, [209];
to Bohemia, [295]-[302];
feeling in to Italy, [335], [346];
relations of with Prussia, [376], [378];
effect on, of fall of Vienna, [398], [400];
fall of liberties of, [484]-[5].
Germany, South, [218]-[22], [232].
Gervinus, in 1837, [92].

Gioberti, writes for "Young Italy," [69];
early career, [122]-[3];
"Il Primato," [123]-[5];
quarrel with Jesuits, [122], [125];
affected by Pius IX.'s election, [138];
plans for restoring Pope, [425].
Giskra, [307]-[8].
Gizzi, Cardinal, [140]-[2].
Goegg, [220].
Goethe, influence on Foscolo, [24];
opinion of Manzoni, [25].
Goito. See [Battles].
Goldmark, on March 13th, [237];
tries to reconcile Germans and Bohemians, [325];
saves Rieger from violence, [379];
tries to save Latour, [391].
Görgei, early career, [433]-[4];
made commander, [434];
quarrels with Kossuth, [434]-[9];
feelings to Bem, [436];
removed from command, [439];
quarrel with Dembinski, [452]-[4];
political creed, [435], [458]-[9];
captures Komorn, [490];
besieges Pesth, [491];
made Dictator, [493];
his surrender, [493]-[4].
Görres, [12], [17].
Greece, rising in, [46]-[7], [49].
Greek Church, [99], [112], [283]-[4], [313].
Gregory XVI., treatment of Gaj, [99];
unpopularity of, [125];
Renzi's charges against, [126];
state of government at death of, [138]-[9];
Metternich's attitude to, [146];
denounces Swiss reformers, [153];
reforms proposed to him, [347];
Louis Napoleon's insurrection against, [470].
Grillo, Giovanni, [171]-[2].
Grimm brothers, in 1837, [92].
Guerrazzi, literary leadership, [54];
liberalism of, [148];
imprisoned, [180];
plans for Leopold, [423]-[4];
in provisional government, [423]-[4];
opposes Mazzini, [424]-[5];
opposes Gioberti, [425];
failure of his government, [467]-[8].
Guizot, relations with Metternich, [150];
policy in Switzerland, [162].
H.
Hanover, constitution granted, [90];
abolished, [91];
protest of professors in, [91]-[2].
---- King of, resists March movement, [226];
opposes Frankfort Assembly, [373].
Hansemann, [403], [405], [407], [411].
Hapsburg. See [Austria, house of].
Haulik, Bishop, [105].
Haynau, [428]-[9], [489]-[90].
Hecker, causes of popularity, [219]-[20];
attitude of at Heidelberg, [233];
effect of insurrection, [376]-[7].
Heidelberg, March meeting at, [232].
Herbst, Dr., [note to 134].
Hermannstadt, importance in Transylvania, [441];
treatment by Bem, [449];
fall of, [492].
Hesse Cassel, March rising in, [222].
---- Darmstadt, March rising in, [222];
position of Gagern in, [233].
---- Duke of, his action in Mainz, [361].
Hofer, Andrew, [10].
Holy Alliance, end of, [50]. See also [Alexander], [Krüdener (M^me de)], [Frederick William III.], [Metternich].
Honveds, [433].
Hormayr, [204].
Horn, Uffo, [258].
Hoyos, [307].
Hrabowsky, [312], [320].
Hungary, difference from other countries, [73]-[5];
division of races in, [96], [276], [288];
relations of with Croatia, [97], [276]-[7], [287]-[8];
growth of national feeling, [106]-[7];
"nobles," [102]-[3];
compared with Lombardy, [191];
feelings of, for county government, [201]-[3];
relations of, with Vienna, [209], [226]-[30];
Gagern's admiration of, [233];
responsible ministry in, [246]-[7];
relations of with Bohemia, [250], [253];
treatment of by Ferdinand, [384]-[7];
invasion of by Jellaciç, [388]-[9];
position of after Schwechat, [432]-[3];
division of parties in, [433]-[9];
later struggles in, [433]-[63];
relations of with Venice, [489]-[90];
final effort of, [490]-[2];
fall of, [493]-[4].
Hungary, Diet of, in 1825, [75]-[6];
in 1832, [81];
in 1840, [100];
in 1843, [102];
in 1849, [439], [441].
Hye, share in debating Society, [207];
denounces annexation of Cracow, [212];
hesitations in March, [234]-[5];
appealed to by Windischgrätz, [245];
attitude about press law, [303]-[4].
---- House of Magnates of, their concession to Croats, [105].
I.
Illyrian Movement, [99], [283].
Imola, conspiracy in, [464]. See also [Pius IX.]
Innspruck, [306], [310], [393].
Inquisition, [465]-[6].
Istria, influence of Venice in, [97].
Italy, conquerors' promises to, [20]-[1];
condition of, in 1820-30, [52]-[3];
question of unity of, [56]-[8], [170], [190], [419], [423];
contrasted with Hungary, [117]-[18];
position of Charles Albert in, [62]-[4];
relations of with Switzerland, [157], [159];
feelings of other races to, [335]-[6];
separateness of struggle in, [336];
feeling of Frankfort parliament to, [362]-[3];
of Viennese to, [387], [389]-[90];
feelings in towards Roumanians, [439];
final struggles in, [463]-[88].
---- Young. See [Mazzini].
J.
Jacoby defies King of Prussia, [409];
interview with Blumenthal, [412]-[13].
Jahn, [14]-[15], [16], [94].
Jancu, career in Transylvania, [443];
suspicions of Kossuth, [457];
Kossuth's negotiations with, [492].
Jellaciç, elected Ban, [288];
in April and May, [310];
advances to Serbs, [318]-[19];
feelings to Italy, [335];
feelings of Viennese to, [380];
position in June, [383];
interview with Batthyanyi, [383]-[4];
change of position, [384];
invades Hungary, [388];
Dictator, [388];
his defeats, [390];
marches against Vienna, [393];
publishes Constitution of 1849, [457].
Jesuits, attacks on in Saxony, [95];
Gioberti's quarrel with, [122], [125];
influence at Rome, [126];
in Tuscany, [128], [148];
in Switzerland, [156], [157];
expulsion of from Rome demanded, [178];
from Turin, [181];
hatred of in Vienna, [211];
in Bavaria, [222];
Anfossi's hostility to, [263];
attacks on in Brescia, [268];
propaganda of against Greek Church, [282];
hatred of Rossi, [419].
John, Arch Duke. See[ Arch Duke].
Joseph I. of Germany, his treatment of Serbs, [282].
---- II. of Germany, his policy, [5];
his agrarian reforms, [81];
Germanising attempts of, [89]-[90];
reforms in Transylvania, [110]-[11];
policy in Bohemia, [253];
denounced by Hungarians, [460].
Jozipoviç, [104]-[5].
Jungmann, [254].
K.
Kikinda. See [Velika Kikinda].
Kiss, victory over Serbs, [385]-[6];
struggle with Russians, [491]-[2].
Klapka, captures Komorn, [490];
his defence of it, [494].
Klausenburg, [316], [441], [444], [446].
Knicsanin, [320], [385].
Kollar, [254], [283].
Kolowrat, relations with Metternich, [206], [241];
founds College of Censorship, [214];
mistakes in March, [231]-[2];
attitude to Bohemians, [260];
in March Ministry, [302].
Komorn, [490], [494].
Kossuth, [51];
character and early career, [83]-[4];
imprisoned, [85];
released, [86];
starts "Pesti Hirlap," [100];
attacks Slavs, [101]-[2];
championship of Jozipoviç, [105];
contrasted with Ferdinand, [107];
sympathy with Poland, [129];
dispute with Eötvös, [200]-[1];
growth of power, [201]-[3];
programme of reform, [201]-[2];
speech of March 3rd, [226]-[9];
its effects, [229], [232], [236], [238];
his welcome in Vienna, [246];
position of in March Ministry, [279]-[80];
attitude of to Serbs, [284];
to Croats, [287]-[8];
to Ferdinand in May, [309];
suspected by Bohemians, [332];
inconsistencies about Italy, [336];
feelings of Viennese towards, [380], [384];
treatment of Croatian army, [384];
urges advance of Hungarians, [395]-[6];
position after Schwechat, [432];
appoints Görgei, [433];
quarrels with Görgei, [433]-[9];
relations with Bem, [436];
order in October, [441];
relations with Csanyi, [449];
appoints Vetter, [454];
issues Declaration of Independence, [458]-[62];
causes of power, [462];
relations with Manin, [489]-[90];
final struggles, [490]-[2];
fall, [493].
Kotzebue, [14], [15].
Kremsier, Parliament at, [416]-[17], [454]-[5].
Kriny, [171]-[2].
Krüdener, M^me de, [7].
Kübeck in March ministry, [302].
Kudler, [212].
Kukuljeviç, [276]-[7].
Kuranda, edits "Grenz Boten," [208];
argues with Bohemians, [299];
appeals against Press Law, [304].
L.
La Farina, [170], [172], [176].
Lago Maggiore, [367].
La Masa, [174], [176].
Lamberg, [386], [388].
Lambruschini, [138], [141], [145].
Latour, Governor at Vienna, [240], [242].
---- War Minister, his intrigues, [381]-[3], [386], [440];
sends Lamberg to Pesth, [386];
his plot discovered, [389];
sends troops to Hungary, [390]-[1];
his death, [381]-[2].
Laybach. See [Congress of].
Lazzaroni, [353].
Le Blanc, Colonel, [473].
Leghorn, literary movement in, [54]-[6];
revolution in, [180];
Mazzini in, [424].
Legion, of Vienna students, [302], [396], [399]-[400].
---- of Prague, [321].
Leipzig, sympathy of, with Dahlmann, [92];
riot at in 1845, [95]-[6];
March rising in, [223]-[5].
See also [University].
Lemberg, contrasted with Prague, [333].
Lemenyi, [314].
Leo XII., [65].
Leopold I., Emperor of Germany, treatment of Illyrians, [99];
of Transylvania, [110];
of Serbs, [281].
---- II., Emperor of Germany, Bohemian policy, [253];
concessions to Serbs, [283].
---- I., Grand Duke of Tuscany, contrasted with his successors, [53].
---- II., Grand Duke of Tuscany, policy, [53];
treatment of Renzi, [128];
banishes D'Azeglio, [129];
becomes a reformer, [148];
relations with Lucca and Modena, [149]-[50];
grants Constitution, [179]-[80];
declares war on Austria, [338];
motives of action, [423]-[4];
flight, [424];
recalled, [468].
Lesseps, [479]-[81].
Libelt, [321].
Löhner, his proposal in March, [240];
denounces Latour, [389];
at Kremsier, [416].
Lola Montez, [222].
Lombardy, effect on of Napoleon's wars, [19];
weakness of Central Congregation, [21];
condition in 1815, [22];
Carbonarism in, [30];
state in 1821, [44]-[6];
Menz's plans for, [72]-[3];
in 1846, [143]-[4];
government of, [184]-[6];
grievances of, [189]-[192];
February edict in, [214]-[15];
March risings in, [260]-[9];
war in, [336]-[68];
Austrian treachery in, [426];
Charles Albert's last war in, [428]-[9].
See also [Nazari].
Louis, Arch Duke. See [Arch Duke].
---- Napoleon. See [Buonaparte].
---- Philippe, his conservatism, [50];
attitude in 1833, [60];
policy in Switzerland, [153], [154], [159]. See also [Guizot].
Lucca, political position, [52];
relations of with Tuscany, [149], [150].
Lüders, General, [448].
Luzern, [152], [153]-[4], [156], [160], [162].
Lychnowsky, his death, [376].

M.
Maestri, [366].
Magyars, their relations with other races, [96]-[7];
Metternich's hostility to them, [99];
their hostility to Croats, [99]-[102], [107];
1st settlement in Hungary, [108];
position in Transylvania, [108], [114];
relations with Roumanians, [110], [112], [442]-[3];
opposition to Roth, [115]-[16];
relations with Slovaks, [276];
with Slavs, [278], [281]-[2], [284]-[6], [310]-[20];
attitude in May, [309];
quarrel with Bohemians, [332], [387]-[8];
attitude towards Italy, [335]-[6];
relations with Vienna, [387]-[9], [395], [397].
Mailath, Anton, [86], [201], [229].
Mainz, treatment of by Prussians, [361], [404].
Malghera, [489]-[90].
Malmö, truce of, [373]-[5];
its effect in Berlin, [407].
Mamiani, Terenzio, his banishment, [61];
influence at Paris, [123];
refuses amnesty, [141];
made Minister, [348];
policy and fall, [417]-[18];
made Foreign Minister, [421]-[2];
attitude after Pope's fall, [423];
interview with Lesseps, [479].
Manara, in rising in Milan, [269];
difficulties in Lombard war, [337];
march to Civita Vecchia, [471];
controversy with Oudinot, [471]-[2];
at defence of Rome, [474]-[7];
death, [486].
Manin, promotes railway with Piedmont, [137];
his petitions, [193]-[5];
imprisonment, [196];
its effect, [270];
his release, [271];
in March rising, [271]-[4];
influenced by Venetian traditions, [343]-[4];
relations with Durando, [345];
welcomes Pepe, [354]-[5];
resists fusion, [358];
tries to help Vicenza, [358]-[9];
resignation, [359]-[60];
recall, [367];
final struggle, [488]-[90];
surrender, [494];
his stone, [494]-[5].
Mannheim, [221].
Mantua, in March rising, [340];
captured by Radetzky, [341];
fortification of, [348];
movements of Radetzky about, [355].
Manzoni, career and aims, [24]-[5];
growth of influence, [54].
Margherita, Solaro della, opposed to Gioberti, [123];
politics, [137];
sympathy with Sonderbund, [157].
Maria Theresa, agrarian reforms of, [81];
treatment of Transylvania, [110], [115];
of Bohemia, [253];
of Serbs, [282]-[3].
Marinovich, [272].
Maros Vasarhely, [108], [444].
Maximilian. See[ Arch Duke].
Mayerhoffer, [386].
Mazzini, [51];
early career, [55]-[6];
attitude to Carbonari, [56]-[7];
political creed, [57]-[9];
first banishment, [59];
first insurrection, [60];
letter to Charles Albert, [63]-[4];
personal influence, [66]-[7];
contrasted with other revolutionists, [67]-[8];
founds Young Italy, [68]-[9];
invasion of Savoy, [69]-[71];
impression on Metternich, [71];
relation with Brothers Bandiera, [118]-[20];
sympathy with Poland, [129];
effect of on working classes, [191];
relations with Tommaseo, [194];
appeal for Charles Albert, [337]-[8];
visit to Milan, [342];
appealed to by Lombard Government, [349];
advice rejected, [349]-[50];
protest against fusion, [350]-[1];
opposes May insurrection, [356]-[7];
plan for defence of Milan, [365]-[6];
last struggle in Lombardy, [367];
in Leghorn, [424]-[5];
attitude to Charles Albert, [427];
work as Triumvir, [464];
warned by Ledru Rollin, [470];
urges resistance to French, [473];
feeling of Lesseps to, [480];
repels Corcelles, [485];
his final advice to Assembly, [486].
Mazzoni, [424].
Medici, last effort in Lombardy, [367];
defends Vascello, [483]-[6].
Menotti, Ciro, [50].
Mensdorff, [331].
Menz, [71]-[3], [157].
Meesenhauser, [396].
Messina, in 1820, [34];
Ferdinand's visit to, [169];
September rising in, [171].
Meszaros, in Batthyanyi's Ministry, [279];
rebukes Görgei, [453];
supersedes Görgei, [492].
Metternich, Prince, rise to power, [1];
system of government, [2];
feeling to Alexander, [3]-[4];
to religion, [5]-[7];
opposition to Stein, [8]-[10];
to S. German States, [13];
a "moral power," [15];
triumph in 1819, [16]-[18];
surprise at movement of 1820, [32];
treatment of Lombardy in 1821, [44];
of Confalonieri, [44]-[6];
attitude to Greece, [46]-[7];
opinion of Canning, [48];
change towards England, [48]-[9];
triumph in 1832, [50]-[1];
policy towards Tuscany, [53];
opinion of Mazzini, [71];
feelings to Hungary, [73];
quarrel with Szechenyi, [78];
defeat in 1839, [86]-[7];
attitude to Gaj, [99];
denounces Grand Duke of Tuscany, [128];
treatment of Cracow, [134];
feeling to Charles Albert, [135]-[6];
treatment of Canton Ticino, [136];
occupation of Ferrara, [146];
attitude towards Switzerland, [151]-[2], [157], [162], [167], [214];
feeling about Jesuits, [157];
relations with Guizot, [159];
relations with Frederick William IV., [163], [165];
attitude to Schleswig-Holstein, [163]-[5];
position at end of 1847, [167];
concessions to Lombardy, [199];
opinion of Italy, [200];
attack on Hungarian County Government, [201]-[3];
how affected by Ferdinand's accession, [207];
attack on Grenz Boten, [208];
causes of unpopularity, [211];
oppression of Lombardy, [214];
attitude to S. Germany, [218]-[19];
alarm at French Revolution, [225];
hopes to crush Hungary, [228];
vague promises of, [231]-[2];
resistance to March rising, [240]-[1];
demands for removal of, [225], [230], [234]-[5];
his fall, [243]-[4];
opinion of Serbs, [382].
Metternich, Princess, her opinion of Pius IX., [141];
of Frederick William IV., [166].
---- Germain, [375].
Mieroslawski, in March rising, [248];
enthusiasm for in Berlin, [370];
in Sicily, [469];
in Baden, [485].
Mihacsfalva, [317].
Milan, grain riots in 1847, [144];
demonstration at, [146]-[7];
government of in February 1848, [182]-[6];
Provincial Congregation, [189];
smoking riots, [196]-[8];
Metternich's concessions to, [199];
effect of Sicilian revolution in, [199]-[200];
March rising, [262]-[9];
government of, in Lombard war, [336]-[7];
Mazzini's visit to, [342], [349]-[50];
contrasted with Venice, [343]-[4];
May rising in, [356]-[7];
fall of, [365]-[7].
Military frontier, [281], [319], [455].
Minto, Lord, [147], [177].
Modena, political position, [52];
Austrian occupation, [150];
insurrection in, [337];
defended by Durando, [345];
Radetzky's policy in, [note to 380]. See also [Francis IV.] and [V.]
Moga, General, hesitations, [396];
defeat, [396]-[7];
deposition, [433].
Moltke, [374].
Moncenigo, [195]-[6].
Montanara, [365].
Montanelli, promotes unity in Italy, [138];
brings pressure on Pius IX., [148];
his scheme of constituent Assembly, [419];
joins provisional Government, [424];
offered place in Triumvirate, [468].
Montecuccoli, [236]-[9].
Monti, Vincenzo, [22], [23].
Moravia, relations of with Bohemia, [258], [289], [290], [291];
demands of in Slav Congress, [326].
Moro, Domenico, [119].
Möring, [213].
Murat, [21], [29], [32].
N.
Naples, Carbonari in, [4], [29], [30];
struggles for freedom in, [28]-[9];
tyranny in, [169];
relations of with Sicily, [169]-[71], [469];
insurrection of in 1848, [177];
riots in, [338];
coup d'état in, [351]-[3];
struggle of with Rome, [477].
---- Kings of. See [Ferdinand], [Francis].
Napoleon. See [Buonaparte].
Nassau, revolution of '48, [222]-[3].
Nazari, [186]-[90].
Neuhaus, [155].
Neusatz, [284]-[5].
Nicholas of Russia, [49].
Nopcsa, [314].
Nota, Alberto, [37].
Novara. See [Battles].
Nugent, General, his promises to Italy, [21];
his appointment in Naples, [29];
his choice of Pepe, [32];
his invasion of Venetia, [348];
attack on Brescia, [428];
death, [429].
O.
Ochsenbein, [159].
O'Donnell, [261], [264];
his carriage, [266].
Offenburg (meeting at), [166], [220].
Olivieri, [356].
Olmütz, [415], [416].
Opizzoni, opinion of smoking riots, [198];
saved by Bolognese, [369].
Orsini, preserves order, [464]-[5].
Oudinot, expedition to Civita Vecchia, [470], [472]-[3];
interview with Manara, [471]-[2];
defeated by Garibaldi, [475];
his treachery, [480], [481], [482]-[3];
capture of Rome, [487].
P.
Pachta, [183]-[4].
Padua, [197];
relations of with Venice, [344];
Durando's wish to assist, [345];
desire of for fusion, [358];
fall of, [359].
Palacky, revives Bohemian language, [254];
refusal to Committee of Fifty, [297];
speech in Prague Committee, [298]-[9];
summons Slav Congress, [301];
speech in Congress, [321]-[3];
feast of reconciliation, [325];
action in June rising, [330];
accused of plot, [332].
Palermo, in 1820, [33]-[4];
in 1847, [170]-[1];
in January, 1848, see [Sicily];
bombardment of, [469].
Palffy, [194], [271], [273].
Palma, Count, [40].
Palmanuova, fall of, [359].
Palmerston, protest about Cracow, [134];
policy in Italy, [147];
opposition to Metternich, [158];
policy in Switzerland, [162];
treatment of Manin, [488].
Papacy, Metternich's respect for independence of, [50];
its effect on Charles Albert, [65];
Gioberti's view of, [123]-[4].
Pareto, [338].
Parini, Giuseppe, [23].
Paris, contrasted with Palermo and Presburg, [Preface 2];
treatment of Young Italy in, [68];
Polish centre in, [70];
revolution in, see [France];
Mazzini's address from, [337];
Rossi's influence in, [418].
Parma, political position of, [52];
occupied by Austrians, [150];
throws off Austrian yoke, [347];
defended by Durando, [345].
Passalacqua, [338].
Pavia, [189], [197], [427].
Peasantry, of Poland, [80].
---- of Hungary, [80]-[3].
Pepe, Guglielmo, chosen leader in 1820, [31]-[2];
defeated in 1821, [42];
heads Lombard expedition, [338];
recalled by Ferdinand, [334];
welcomed by Manin, [354].
---- Florestano, [33].
Perczel, his quarrel with Görgei, [434].
Perthes, [91].
Peschiera, [349], [355], [358].
Pesth. See [Buda-Pesth].
Petöfy, [278].
Pfuel, General von, [247], [370], [404].
Piedmont, Gioberti's view of its position, [124]-[5];
relations of with Ticino, [135]-[6];
share of in Lombard war, see [Charles Albert];
league of princes against, [346];
fusion of with Lombardy, [350]-[1], [356];
fusion of with Venetia, [359]-[60];
relations of with Rome, [427].
Pillersdorf, concessions to Bohemians, [289];
in March Ministry, [302]-[4];
advice in May, [308];
his fall, [378].
Pisa. See [University].
Pius VII., his protest against Treaty of Vienna, [3];
effect on Papacy of early career, [65], [124], [126].
Pius VIII., [65].

Pius IX., election, [140];
amnesty, [141];
popular belief in, [142]-[3];
reforms, [145];
conspiracy against him, [145];
uncertainties, [147]; effect of his reforms, [169];
concessions at end of 1847, [179];
hesitations, [335];
dragged into Lombard war, [338];
confusion of his position, [339];
Encyclical of April 29th, [346]-[7];
accepts Mamiani, [348];
suspicions of King of Naples, [354];
Radetzky's alarm at his reforms, [358];
attitude in June 1848, [417]-[18];
appoints Rossi, [418];
accepts democratic Ministry, [421];
flight to Gaeta, [422];
denounces Charles Albert, [425].
Poerio, Carlo, [177].
Poland, insurrection of 1830, [50];
relations of exiles with Italy, [69]-[71];
weakness of, [80];
feelings of Liberals to, [129];
proposals about in Frankfort Parliament, [306];
its share in Slav Congress, [321], [323], [327].
Pollet, [243].
Portugal, [48].
Posen, Blum's feeling to, [129];
March movement in, [248]-[9];
relations of with Prussia, [296], [370];
with Frankfort Parliament, [362];
cruelties of Pfuel in, [404], [405];
concessions to, [408].
Pozzo di Borgo, [4].
Pragmatic Sanction, [97].
Prague, in the 17th century, [252];
March movement in, [254]-[60];
race difficulties in, [289]-[90];
meeting of Congress at, [320]-[8];
June rising in, [328]-[33];
effect of fall, [332]-[3].
Presburg, influence of contrasted with Paris, [preface 2];
policy of contrasted with Buda-Pesth, [278]-[9].
Press, Austrian law on, [193]-[4];
demands for freedom of, [195], [212], [220], [221], [224], [236], [305], [371];
concessions of in Vienna, [244], [303]-[4];
in Hungary, [246], [280];
in Berlin, [247];
censorship of, [214], [224], [225], [231].
Prussia, position in Europe, [7];
hatred of in Rhine Province, [12];
position of in Germany in 1837, [93];
policy of to Cracow, [130];
rivalry of with Frankfort, [361], [375];
relations of with Posen, [370];
action of in Danish war, [371]-[5];
change of relations with Germany, [376], [496];
constitutional struggles in, [402]-[14].
---- King of. See [Frederick William III.] and [IV.]
Prussia, Prince William of, [370], [404], [407].
Puchner, relations of with Roumans, [440]-[1];
campaign in Transylvania, [442]-[6];
negotiates with Russians, [447]-[8];
deposed, [463].
Pulazky, [229], [254], [389], [395], [436].
R.
Raab, [437], [490].
Radetzky, appealed to by Duke of Modena, [150];
threatens Charles Albert, [182];
Milanese opinion of, [184];
hostility of to Lombard clergy, [196];
organizes smoking massacres, [197]-[8];
proclamation by, [198]-[9];
in March rising, [265]-[6], [269];
accepted as champion of Empire, [335];
retreat from Milan, [337];
denounced by Durando, [340];
recaptures Mantua, [341];
fortifies it, [348];
at Curtatone, [355];
at Goito, [356];
share in May conspiracy, [357];
captures Vicenza, [359];
defeats Charles Albert, [363]-[4];
reconquers Lombardy, [367];
invades Roman States, [368];
policy of in Modena, [note to 380];
treachery of in Lombardy, [426];
final struggle against Venice, [490].
Ragusa, [98].
Rainieri, [182], [184], [188], [198].
Rajaciç, timidity, [286];
summons Serb Assembly, [287];
conduct in Serb Assembly, [311];
elected Patriarch, [312];
attitude to Croats, [319];
struggle with Stratimiroviç, [385]-[6];
checks opposition to Austria, [457].
Rakoczi, [281]-[2]. See [note] also.
Ramorino, [70]-[1], [428].
Recsey, [388]-[9].
Regis, Colonel, in 1821, [43];
in 1831, [60].
Renzi, Pietro, his insurrection, [125]-[8].
Republicans, Italian, in Lombard war, [342];
attitude of in Milan, [356]-[8], [365];
government of Rome by, [464]-[6];
defence of Rome by, [473]-[87].
Republicans, South German, [232]-[3], [361], [376]-[8], [485].
Reichenberg, rivalry with Prague, [291].
Restelli, [366].
Rhine Province, Prussian tyranny in, [12];
in March rising, [248];
Socialism in, [403];
relations of with France, [404].
Ridolfi, [148].
Rieger, summons Slav Congress, [301];
accused of plot, [332];
treatment of in Vienna Parliament, [379];
at Kremsier, [416].
Riego, Raphael, his insurrection, [30]-[1].
Rilliet, General, [161].
Rimini, insurrection of, [127]-[8].
Rodbertus, [407].
Rollin, Ledru, warns Mazzini, [470];
opposes expedition to Rome, [476];
his insurrection, [484].
Romagna, insurrection in, [128].
Roman States, movement in for Constituent Assembly, [422]-[3];
government of by Triumvirate, [464]-[7];
reconquest of by Austrians, [485].
See also [Pius VII.], [Gregory XVI.], [Saffi], [Ciceruacchio].
Rome, opening of Parliament in, [417];
rising in after Rossi's death, [421];
Mazzini in, [427];
Triumvirate in, [464]-[7];
relations of with Tuscany, [467]-[8];
French expedition against, [470]-[3];
siege of, [473]-[7], [481]-[4];
fall of, [486]-[8].
See also [Pius IX.], [Mazzini], [Ciceruacchio].
Ronge, [94]-[5], [221].
Roselli, [481]-[2].
Rossi, influence at Paris, [122];
share in election of Pius IX., [140];
relations of with Guizot, [159];
appointed Minister, [418];
policy, [419];
death, [420]-[1].
Roth, Stephen, his pamphlet, [113]-[14];
emigration scheme, [115]-[16];
government in Transylvania, [445];
death, [450]-[2].
Roumanians, conquered by Szekler, [108];
position in Transylvania, [110];
effect on of Joseph II.'s reforms, [110]-[11];
Libellus Wallachorum, [111]-[12];
treatment of by Schaguna, [113];
defence of by Roth, [114];
May meeting, [312]-[15];
growing sympathy with Saxons, [316];
insurrection of, [317]-[18];
struggles of in September and October, [439]-[46], [448];
feelings of to Constitution of 1849, [456];
Kossuth's concessions to, [457].
Rovigo, relations of with Venice, [344].
Ruffini, Jacopo, his suicide, [69].
Ruggiero, Settimo, [176], [469]-[70].
Russia, position of in Europe, [7], [10];
policy of to Cracow, [130];
hatred of in Vienna, [238];
feeling of German Liberals to, [296];
of Palacky to, [297];
fear of in Berlin, [404];
invades Transylvania, [448];
defeat of by Bem, [449];
conquers Transylvania, [491]-[2].
---- Czar of. See [Alexander], [Nicholas].
Ruthenians, demands of in Slav Congress, [323].
S.
St. Gallen, [152], [158].
Saaz, rivalry with Prague, [291].
Saffi, Aurelio, action in time of Gregory XVI., [138];
appeal for a Constituent Assembly, [432];
made Triumvir, [464];
helps in preserving order, [464]-[5].
Salmen, [315].
Salvotti, [46].
Sand, Ludwig, [15].
Santa Rosa, Santorre di, his policy in 1821, [36];
relations with Charles Albert, [40];
policy, [42]-[3];
final defeat, [43].
---- Pietro di, [181].
Sardinia, King of. See [Victor Amadeus], [Victor Emmanuel], [Charles Felix], [Charles Albert].
Sardinia, position of. See [Piedmont].
Sarner Bund, [152]-[3].
Savelli, [139].
Savoy, invasion of in 1834, [69]-[71];
House of, see [Victor Amadeus], &c.
Saxons, position of in Transylvania, [108]-[10], [441];
relations of to Roumanians, [110], [112], [444]-[5];
treatment of by Magyars, [114]-[15];
protest against absorption, [315]-[16];
vote on that subject, [317];
relations of with Puchner, [445];
application of to Russia, [448];
treatment of by Csanyi, [449]-[52].
Saxony, King of, in 1815, [2].
---- Prussian claim to, [3];
position of in 1837, [92];
reform movement in, [95]-[6];
revolution of 1848 in, [223]-[5].
Schaguna, his work for Roumanians, [113];
share in May meeting, [314]-[15];
attempt to check Roumans, [318];
relations with Puchner, [445];
appeal to Russia, [448].
Scharnhorst, [11].
Schauffer, [398].
Schill, [11].
Schiller, on German literature, [89].
Schilling, insults Bohemians, [298]-[9].
Schleswig-Holstein, question of in 1846, [163]-[5];
in 1848, [371]-[5];
effect of in Prussia, [404]-[7].
Schmalz, his pamphlet, [11];
his honours, [12].
Schmerling, [317], [496].
Schuselka, his pamphlet, [208];
demand for his expulsion, [208];
appeal against Press law, [304];
tries to reconcile Germans and Bohemians, [325];
speech to Magyar deputation, [387]-[8].
Schütte, organizes April demonstration, [304]-[5].
Schwarzenberg, [268]-[9].
Schwytz, [152]-[3].
Sciva, [171]-[2].
Sedlnitzky, [185], [204], [207], [212], [214];
his fall, [247].
Serbs, effect of their entry into Hungary, [97]-[8];
in Buda-Pesth, [277];
demands of in March 1848, [278], [280], [284];
treatment of in March and April 1848, [284]-[5];
movement for independence, [286]-[7];
May meeting of, [311]-[12];
May insurrection, [319], [320];
demands of in Slav Congress, [323];
Metternich's opinion of, [382];
changed character of movement, [85]-[6];
feeling of to Constitution of 1849, [455]-[6];
influence of Rajaciç over, [457].
Sicily, constitution destroyed, [2];
attitude of in 1820, [33]-[4];
reconquest of, [44];
effect of insurrection, [167];
Neapolitan government of, [168]-[70];
insurrection in January 1848, [171]-[7];
offers throne to Duke of Genoa, [346]-[52];
fall of, [468]-[70].
Sigel, [485].
Silesia, Prussian, effect of famine in, [166];
March rising in, [248];
general condition of, [402]-[3];
Roman Catholics in, [412].
---- Austrian, relations of with Bohemia, [258], [289], [290].
Silvio Pellico, [26].
Simon of Breslau, action in Frankfort riots, [375]-[6].
Sismondi, [26], [69].
Sladkowsky, [323], [328].
Slavonia, relations of with Croatia, [97]-[8];
centre of Serb movement, [280]-[4].
Slavs, their position in Hungary, [101];
attempts to Magyarise, [101]-[2];
in March 1848, [276];
relations of with Germany, [296];
Congress of, [300]-[1], [320]-[8].
---- Southern, connection between, [98]-[9].
Slovaks, relations of with Bohemia, [254];
demands of in March 1848, [276];
in Slav Congress, [326];
relations of with Ferdinand, [461].
Slovenes, demands of in March 1848, [276];
in Slav Congress, [327].
Smolka, tries to save Latour, [391].
Socialism, at Frankfort, [294]-[5];
at Vienna, [305], [389];
at Berlin, [403];
later rise of, [496].
Solothurn, [152].
Sommaruga, [207].
Sonderbund, [155], [159], [160];
war of, [160]-[3].
Sophia, Arch Duchess. See [Arch Duchess].
Spain, popular feeling in, [4], [5];
rule of in Lombardy, [20];
rising in 1820, [30]-[1];
French invasion of in 1822, [48].
Spaur, [182], [188]-[9], [261].
Speri, Tito, [428].
Stabile, Mariano, [176].
Stände. See [Estates].

Statella, General, [354].
Stein, influence on Czar, [4];
opposition to Metternich, [8]-[10];
loss of power, [10];
attitude towards Wartburg demonstration, [15];
zeal for constitution, [16].
Stephen. See [Arch Dukes].
Sterbini, denounces Rossi, [419];
Rossi's feeling to, [420];
appointed Minister, [421];
in provisional government, [423];
opposition to Roselli, [482].
Stratimiroviç, character and position, [286];
burns Crnojeviç's letter, [311];
finds allies for Serbs, [312], [319];
overthrow by Rajaciç, [385]-[6];
counteracted by Rajaciç, [482].
Strobach, [323], [392].
Struve, early efforts of, [219]-[21];
at Heidelberg, [233];
his fifteen proposals, [294]-[5];
heads September rising, [377]-[8].
Stuttgart, [485]. See also [Würtemberg].
Suplikaç, [312], [386].
Switzerland, struggles in, [151]-[63];
attacks of Austria on, [214];
effect of on Baden, [220].
Swornost, [308]-[9], [321], [323], [328].
Szabò, [491].
Szaffarik, work for Slovaks, [254];
effect on Serbs, [283];
summons Slav Congress, [301];
in Slav Congress, [321];
action in June rising, [330].
Szechenyi, in 1825, [75]-[6];
political position, [77];
quarrel with Metternich, [78];
effect of his movement in Croatia, [98];
championship of Slavs, [102]-[3];
relations with Batthyanyi, [202];
opposition to Kossuth, [203], [246], [279];
madness, [462].
Szegedin, [316].
Szeklers, position in Transylvania, [108]-[9];
attitude to Roumanians, [110];
appealed to by Magyars, [316];
collision of with Roumans, [317]-[18], [440];
opposition to Puchner, [441];
appealed to by Roumans, [442];
cruelties, [444];
Bem's relations with, [447];
resistance of to Russians, [491]-[2].
Szemere, his Press law, [280].
Szent-Tomas, [385].
T.
Taaffe, opposition to Pillersdorf, [304].
Tatischeff, [47].
Teleki, Governor of Transylvania, [315].
Thun, Count Leo, controversy with Pulszky, [254];
joins National Committee, [301];
threatens Swornost, [323];
appeals to Windischgrätz, [324];
imprisoned, [329]-[30].
---- Count Matthias, summons Slavonic Congress, [301].
Thurgau, [152], [155].
Thurn, General, [490].
Ticino, Canton, relations with Piedmont, [135]-[7], [342];
for free trade, [144];
attacked by Uri, [160].
Tommaseo, his petitions, [193]-[4];
early career, [194];
arrest and release, [270]-[1];
tries to help Vicenza, [358];
opposes fusion, [359]-[60].
Torres, [337].
Torresani, [182]-[3], [188], [197], [244], [265], [267].
Transylvania, position of its Diet, [79];
Diet dissolved in 1832, [83];
Diet restored in 1839, [86];
geographical position of, [107]-[8];
ethnology of, [108]-[9];
Roth's view of, [114];
effect on Hungary, [281]-[2];
position of Roumanians in, [313];
loss of independence, [316]-[17];
later struggles in, [439]-[52];
conquest of by Russians, [491]-[2].
Treviso, [344], [359].
Trieste, Italian attack on, [360].
Trojan, [255], [260].
Tugend Bund, [11], [129].
Turansky, [327], [332].
Turin, in February 1848, [181]-[2].
See [Santa Rosa], [University].
Turkey, hostility of House of Austria to, [281];
flight of Hungarian leaders to, [494].
Tuscany, special position of, [52]-[4];
Guerrazzi's hopes for, [423]-[4];
rising in 1849, [424]-[5];
failure of movement in, [467]-[8].
Tyrol, Italian, [341], [343], [345], [363].
---- German, [266], [267].
See [Innspruck].
Tyssowsky, [132].
U.
Udine, relations of with Venice, [344];
fall of, [348].
Universities, their effect on revolutionary movement, [38].
---- of Germany, [14]-[16].
University, of Berlin, [404].
---- of Göttingen, in 1837, [92].
---- of Heidelberg, [164]-[5].
---- of Leipzig, Slavonic feeling in, [98].
---- of Munich, [222], [259].
---- of Padua, closing of, [199].
---- of Pavia, closing of, [199].
---- of Pisa, [148], [355].
---- of Prague, [258]-[9], [308]-[9], [321], [324], [328], [330].
---- of Turin, in 1821, [38]-[9];
in 1848, [337].
University, of Vienna, [212], [230], [233]-[5], [302]-[4], [305], [307].
---- of Zurich, [153].
Unruh, von, struggle with Brandenburg, [409]-[10];
attitude at Brandenburg, [413];
effect of his action, [413].
Urban, [440].
Urbarium, [81].
Urbino, [356]-[7].
Uri, [160].
Utrecht, Peace of, its effect in Lombardy, [20].
V.
Varga, Catherine, [113].
Vay, [441].
Velika Kikinda, effect of riot at, [285]-[6].
Venetia, compared with Lombardy, [192];
relations with Venice, [344]-[5];
struggle in, [348]-[9], [359];
fusion of with Piedmont, [359]-[60].
Venice, influence in Dalmatia and Istria, [97];
trade of with Piedmont, [135];
character of before revolution, [192];
movements in, [193]-[6];
March rising in, [270]-[4], [343];
contrasted with Milan, [343]-[4];
relations with other cities, [343]-[5];
Pepe welcomed at, [354]-[5];
vote of fusion at, [359]-[60];
recalls Manin, [367];
sympathy of with Bologna, [369];
feeling in towards Pius IX., [464];
towards Louis Napoleon, [470];
final struggle of, [488]-[90];
surrender of, [494].
See also [Buonaparte (Charles Lucien)], [Manin].
Verona, transference of Viceroy to, [199];
Radetzky's relations with, [341], [355], [364].
See also [Congress].
Vetter, [454].
Vicenza, relations of with Venice, [344];
defence of, [349];
fall of, [359];
Austrian treachery in, [426].
Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, his relations with Austria, [26]-[7].
Victor Emmanuel I., King of Sardinia, protest in 1815, [3];
his relations with Austria, [27];
his despotism, [27]-[8];
attitude in 1820, [35]-[6];
abdication, [41].
Victor Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, afterwards King of Italy, wounded at Goito, [356];
accession to throne of Piedmont, [429].
Vienna, effect of on Lombardy, [189]-[90];
Metternich's government of, [204]-[8];
effect on of Ferdinand's accession, [206]-[8];
double position of, [209];
movements in, [210]-[14], [225]-[6];
March rising in, [229]-[47];
its effect in Bohemia, [259];
in Milan, [262];
in Venice, [271];
relations of with Prague, [325]-[6];
July Parliament in, [378]-[80];
relations of with Hungary, [380], [384], [387];
with Bohemia, [379], [392];
with Italy, [379]-[80], [387];
October rising in, [390]-[7];
fall of, [397]-[9];
effect of fall on Prussia, [408].
---- Concluding Act of, [17]-[18].
---- Decrees of 1834, [90], [221].
---- Treaty of, [3], [8], [17], [130], [146], [149], [151], [155], [160], [164]. See also [Congress].
Vilagos, [493]-[4].
Villamarina, [135].
W.
Waizen, declaration of, [438]-[9].
Wallachia, rising in in 1821, [46]-[7].
Wallacks. See [Roumanians].
Warsaw, trade with Cracow, [130];
insurrection in, [131].
Wartburg, Feast of, [14]-[15].
Weimar, Duke of, his policy, [13]-[16].
Welden, General, besieges Bologna, [368]-[9];
cruelty of in Pavia, [426].
Wellington, his opinion of Navarino, [49];
small effect of his rule, [50].
Wesselenyi, position and influence, [79];
speech at Presburg, [83];
imprisonment and its results, [85]-[6];
appeal to Szeklers, [316];
joins deputation to Vienna, [387];
retirement from politics, [462].
Willisen, General von, [370].
Wimpffen, General, [478].
Windischgrätz, made commandant of Vienna, [240];
proposed Dictatorship of, [240]-[1], [244]-[5];
protest against deposition of Metternich, [243];
announcement on March 22nd, [247];
irritation of Bohemians with, [323]-[4], [328];
attitude in June rising in Prague, [329]-[32];
besieges Vienna, [395]-[7];
defeats Görgei, [437]-[8];
his offer to Görgei, [438];
rejects mediation in Hungary, [462];
military opinion of his generalship, [463].
Workmen's movements, in Vienna, [239]-[40], [305], [389]-[90];
in Berlin, [247], [402], [403], [405]-[6], [408];
in Prague, [323], [328];
in Silesia, [402], [405], [406].
Wrangel, [410]-[11].
Würtemberg, first two Kings of, [13];
protest of against Concluding Act, [18];
Roth's relations with, [115];
resistance of to Metternich, [218];
March rising in, [221]-[2];
quarrel with Baden, [377]. See also [Stuttgart].
Y.
Ypsilanti, [40].
Z.
Zay, his circular, [101]-[2].
Zichy, Governor of Venice, [272], [273].
---- Hungarian Count, his execution, [434].
Zitz, action of in Frankfort riots, [375].
Zollverein, [93], [210].
Zucchi, recalled to Milan, [366];
treatment of Garibaldi, [419];
defeated by Garibaldi, [464].
Zug, Canton, [162].
Zurich, [152], [154], [156]. See also [University].