Micro-chemical reactions.—Yellow brown, with iodine; yellow, with aniline sulphate; bright yellow, with chlorine water; changed to carmine by treatment with sodium sulphite solution. {53}

General chemical characteristic.—Ligno-cellulose. The chemistry of jute as the type of ligno-cellulose has been treated on p. [17].

Composition of raw fibre (Müller):—

1st Quality.Cuttings or Butts. (Root ends).
Cellulose63·7660·89
Fat and wax 0·38  ·44
Aqueous extract 1·00 3·89
Non-cellulose, or lignin24·3220·98
Water 9·8612·40
Ash  ·68 1·40

Forms in which employed.—Threads, butts, bagging.

BAST TISSUES.

The fibres give a yellow colouration with aniline sulphate, but they contain only a small proportion of lignose. The following are the results of analyses of this bast:—

Cellulose49·3558·82[*]
Fat and wax 0·94 0·41 
Aqueous extract13·57 7·08 
Pectous substances19·0515·19 
Water10·9013·18 
Ash 6·19 4·72 

[*] Made up of 13·75 cellulose from medullary tissue, 45·07 cellulose of fibres.

Linden Bast (Tilia Europæa)