Social institutions alter very slowly as a rule; for long a change may pass unnoticed, until one day it is discovered that a step forward has been taken. Those changes that appear so new and are bringing fear to many to-day, are but the last consequences of causes that for long have been operating slowly. The extraordinary enthusiasm now sweeping through womanhood reveals behind its immediate feverish expression a great power of emotional and spiritual initiative. Wide and radically sweeping are the changes in women’s outlook. So much stronger is the promise of a vital force when they have refound their emancipation. To this end women must gain economic security, and the freedom for the full expression of their womanhood. The ultimate goal I conceive—at least I hope—is the right to be women, not the right to become like men. There can be no gain for women except this. To be mothers were women created and to be fathers men. This rightly considered is the deepest of all truths.
What is needed at present is that women should be allowed to rediscover for themselves what is their woman’s work, rather than that they should continue to accept perforce the rôle which men (rightly or wrongly) have at various times allowed to them throughout the patriarchal ages. This necessity is as much a necessity for men as it is for women.
I do not think that women will fail (even if for a time they stumble a little) in finding the way. The vital germinal spot of each forward step in women’s position must be sought with the women who are the conscious mothers of the race. The great women reformers are not those who would have women act just like men in all externals, but those who are conscious that all men are born of women. In this lies women’s strength in the past and in this must be their strength in that glad future that is to be. But only if motherhood is regarded as an intrinsic glory, and children are born in freedom. Think what this means. The birth of a child, in so far as its mother has not received the sanction of a man, is subject to the fire and brimstone of public scorn. And this scorn is the most pitiful result in all the patriarchal record. A woman’s natural right is her right to be a mother, and it is the most inglorious page in the history of woman that too often she has allowed herself to be deprived of that right. Women have this lesson first to learn. We, and not men, must fix the standard in sex, for we have to play the chief part in the racial life. Let us, then, reacquire our proud instinctive consciousness, which we are fully justified in having, of being the mothers of humanity; and having that consciousness, once more we shall be invincible.
FOOTNOTES:
[247] It is significant that in Sumatra polygamy occurs with the djudur marriages, where the wife is bought and lives with her husband, while it is unknown in the maternal marriages. It is frequent in Africa and elsewhere, when the marriage is not the maternal form.
[248] I hope to do so in a future book on Motherhood.
INDEX
- A
- Absorption by the male of female ideas, [75]
- Advance of the family to the clan and tribe, [36], [67]-[91], [170], [256] et seq.
- Africa, [174]-[176], [204]-[205]
- Agriculture and women, [60] et seq., [116], [158], [194]-[208]
- Ahitas of Philippines, [152]
- Alladians of Gold Coast, [185]
- Allison, Mrs., [198]
- Amazons, [34], [36], [38], [228], [245]-[246]
- Amazons, revolt of, [31], [32], [36], [38]
- Ambel-anak marriage, [147], [182]
- American aborigines, [27], [95]-[131], [148], [198], [206]
- Andamanese, women’s work among, [197]
- Andombies, women’s work among, [201]
- Apes, anthropoid, [72], [80], [81]
- Arabia, [178], [206]
- Arabs, [179]-[180], [189]
- Architects, women as primitive, [117], [203]
- Arruwimi tribe, [201]
- Aryans, mother-descent among, [230] et seq.
- Athens, [216], [220]
- Atkinson, Mr., [24], [47], [51], [52], [56], [69], [71], [72], [73], [76], [77], [80], [81], [82], [84], [85], [86]
- Australia, [102], [167]-[170], [178]
- Australia, work of women in, [197], [200], [210]
- B
- Babylon, position of women in ancient, [214]-[215]
- Bacchanalian festivals, [38], [241], [243]
- Bachofen, [26] et seq., [40], [97], [154], [165], [216], [240], [245]
- Bachofen’s theory of matriarchy, [26]-[44]
- Bancroft, [116], [119], [124], [125], [184]
- Bandelier, [207]
- Banyai tribe, [183]
- Barton, [178]
- Basques, [229]
- Batu tribe, [175]
- Bavili tribe, [185]
- Beena marriage, [178], [182], [183], [223], [248]
- Benefits of marriage law for women, [32]
- Beni-Amer of Africa, [211]
- Berbers, [222]-[227]
- Bonwick, [195]
- Brewers, women as, [203]
- Bride-price, [159], [184], [190], [260], [263]
- Brute-force of male, [44].
- See [Father as tyrant.]
- Buckley, [197], [198]
- C
- Californian Redskins, [124]
- Campbell, [183]
- Capture of wives, [51], [64], [74], [80], [83], [169], [181]
- Celts, [233], [234]
- Ceylon, [173], [182]
- Charleroix, [114]
- Chavanne, [160], [161]
- Chivalry, [162]
- Choice in love, the right of the female, [64], [113], [151]-[153], [177], [260]
- Clan, primitive, [18], [103], [166], [167], [176], [190], [209], [257] et seq.
- Communal living, [75], [88], [103] et seq., [116], [117] et seq., [148] et seq., [154], [166], [174], [231], [256] et seq.
- Contrast between the work of women and men, [195] et seq.
- Conventional morality, [36]
- Courtship, [45], [120] et seq., [151]-[153].
- See [Choice in love.]
- Couvade, [206], [228]
- Crawley, [47], [77], [82], [95], [96], [209]
- Creek Indians, [118]-[119]
- Crete, matriarchy in ancient, [216], [217]-[218], [220]
- Criticism of mother-right, [19], [21], [23], [24], [27], [35], [40], [42], [48], [95]-[96], [170], [192], [210], [253]
- Curr, [128]
- Cushing, [117], [237]
- D
- D’Allosso, Prof., [246]
- Dalton, [133], [152]
- Dances, [100]
- Dargun, [230], [231]
- Darwin, [45]
- Deega marriage, [182]
- De Mailla, [150]
- Deniker, [198]
- Dennett, [185]
- Dependence of the human child, [58]
- Descent through the mother, [17], [26], [33], [88], [119], [160], [162] et seq., [163]-[165], [213]-[214], [220] et seq., [224], [227], [230], [232]-[233], [249] et seq., [257], [258] et seq.
- Diodorus, [211], [212]
- Divinities, women as, [136] et seq., [154], [214], [217], [219], [229], [231], [240]
- Divorce, [113], [121], [141]-[143], [157], [179], [206], [260]
- Djudur marriage, [182], [259]
- Doctors, women as, [203]
- Domestication of animals, [203]
- Duveyrier, [160], [161], [162]
- E
- Economic matriarchy, [159] et seq.
- Egypt, position of women in ancient, [162], [211]-[214], [227]
- Ellis, Havelock, [153], [192], [199], [201], [203], [205], [215]
- Euripedes, [239]
- Exogamy, [76]-[77], [87], [119], [123], [135], [141], [154]
- Expansion of the family into the clan, [67] et seq., [79] et seq., [86]-[87], [97], [256] et seq.
- F
- Fairy stories, their evidence for mother-right, [246]-[252]
- Family, primitive, [41], [48] et seq., [54]-[55], [68] et seq., [168]-[169], [256] et seq.
- Fanti of Gold Coast, [175]
- Father as tyrant, [34], [44], [48], [50], [54], [57], [63], [68], [70], [72], [74], [81], [83], [168], [255]
- Father the true parent, [38], [39], [239]
- Father-right dependent on purchase, [182] et seq., [185]-[186], [188], [190], [262]-[263]
- Female dominance, [35], [111], [133], [156], [159].
- See [Gynæcocracy.]
- Ferrass, Max Henry, [80]
- Fison, [193], [200], [206]
- Folk-lore as evidence of mother-right, [233], [234], [236] et seq., [249], [251]
- Food and women, [59] et seq.
- See [Industry and women.]
- Forbes, [183]
- Formosans, [150]-[151]
- Frazer, [133], [179], [187], [215], [220], [233]
- Fuegians, [203]
- G
- Garos, [151]-[152]
- Germans, mother-descent among, [230]-[231]
- Giraud-Teulon, [28], [176], [216]
- Greece, ancient, traces of mother-right in, [216]-[222]
- Grimm, [231]
- Grote, [216]
- Guinea, [181]
- Gurdon, P. R., [132], [135], [137], [139], [140], [143]
- Gynæcocracy, [27], [30], [34], [38], [97], [112], [133], [156], [159]-[162], [176]
- H
- Haddon, [153], [196]
- Haidis, [187]
- Hale, Horatio, [205]
- Hall, J. R., [217], [218]
- Hammurabi, Code of, [214]
- Hartland, [114], [123], [125], [172], [177], [186]
- Hassanyah Arabs, [179]-[180]
- Haydes, [198]
- Hearne, [178]
- Hebrew patriarchs, [13], [222] et seq.
- Heriot, [110], [113], [120]
- Herodotus, [211], [217], [221]
- Herrera, [117]
- Hodgson, [159], [177]
- Hoffman, [208]
- Home, woman’s connection with the, [34]-[35], [36], [59], [84], [150], [193] et seq., [263]
- Homer, [219]
- Hooker, Sir J., [133]
- Hopis, [122]-[123]
- Hospitality, American-Indian, [108], [230]
- Howitt, [193], [200]
- Husband as “consort guest,” [15].
- See [Maternal marriage.]
- Husband visiting the wife by night, [81], [83], [140]-[141], [220], [258]
- I
- Iberians, mother-right among, [226]-[227]
- Ibn Batua, [178]
- Illegitimacy, [122], [184], [185], [189]
- Im Thurn, [196], [200]
- Importance of mother-descent, [17], [20], [21], [27], [32]-[33], [88]-[89], [99], [100], [119], [121], [133], [139], [143], [149] et seq., [153], [155], [156], [166], [170], [173], [175], [258]-[259], [261]
- Incest, paternal, [79], [176]-[178]
- India, [102].
- See [Khasis.]
- Indians of Guiana, [195], [200]
- Industry and women, [60]-[62], [102], [116], [117], [134], [135], [150], [175], [192]-[208]
- J
- Jealousy, [45] et seq., [51]-[53], [54], [60], [62], [65], [67], [68], [73], [86], [90], [104], [157], [170], [191], [253]
- Johnstone, H. H., [201]
- Joint tenement houses, [106], [117], [148]-[149], [230]
- Joyce.
- See [Torday.]
- Justin, [228]
- K
- Kaffirs, [203]
- Kamilaroi and Kurnai tribes, [193], [201]
- Kamtschatdals, [203]
- Khasis, [132]-[146], [177], [218]
- Kingsley, Miss, [175]
- Kinship through women.
- See [Descent through mother.]
- Koochs, [176]-[177]
- Kubary, [155]-[156]
- Kurds, [204]
- L
- Laing, [176]
- Lang, Andrew, [24], [47], [51], [56], [95]
- Legends, [33], [101], [137], [217], [219], [232], [236]-[240], [243]-[246]
- Letourneau, [162], [172], [176], [215], [233], [239]
- Liburni tribes, [188], [231]
- Limboltz, [152]
- Limboo tribe, [183]
- Lippert, [176]
- Livingstone, [183]
- Logan, J. R., [133]
- Lyell, Sir Chas., [132], [137]
- M
- Macdonald, [183], [200]
- McGee, [16], [27], [117], [126], [133], [149], [152], [201]
- McLennan, [26], [27], [33], [38], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [52], [76], [105], [155], [181], [183], [185], [187], [220], [229], [244], [245]
- McLennan, theory of mother-right, [40] et seq.
- Madagascar, [189], [226]
- Maine, Sir H., [18], [223]
- Malay States, [147] et seq.
- Malwlo tribe, [185]
- Mang’anja tribe, [188]
- Manyuema tribe, [201]
- Maoris, [186]
- Marsden, [182]
- Marvana Islanders, [180]
- Mason, O., [197], [200], [202]
- Maternal love, [69], [70] et seq., [263]
- Maternal marriage, [15], [17], [41], [85], [86], [87], [100], [112] et seq., [114], [119], [123], [127], [147], [149], [158], [166], [176], [177], [183], [223], [232], [233], [247] et seq., [258]
- Matriarchal theory, mistakes in, [15], [16], [19], [39] et seq., [90]-[91], [97], [98].
- See [Criticism of mother-right.]
- Matriarchate. See [Gynæcocracy.]
- Meave, Queen of Ireland, [252]
- Menomini Indians, [207]
- Monogamy, [119], [122], [123], [125], [149], [259]
- Monopolist desire of male, [186]-[187].
- See [Unsocial conduct of males.]
- Moore, [152]
- Moral prohibition, primitive, [119].
- See [Taboos.]
- Morgan, [27], [40], [103], [104], [105], [109], [111], [117], [118]
- Müller, [216]
- Musical faculty of women, [161]
- N
- Naïrs of Malabar, [171]-[174]
- Newbold, [243]
- New Caledonia, women’s work in, [197]
- New Guinea, [152]-[153]
- New theory of mother-right, [35], [43]-[44], [48] et seq., [72], [90]-[91], [96], [97], [170], [212], [254], [257]
- Nicaraguans, [125]
- O
- Origin of the human family, [21], [24], [25], [41]-[42], [50] et seq., [77], [90], [255] et seq.
- Origin of the maternal system, [16], [41], [43], [88]-[89], [166], [257] et seq.
- Owen, [115], [197]
- Ownership of children, [115], [141], [183] et seq., [187]
- P
- Pakpatan, [189]
- Pani Kotches, [158]-[159]
- Papuans of New Guinea, [201]
- Paraguay, [152]
- Parenthood, [37], [268]-[269]
- Parke, [201]
- Passivity of female in love, [153]
- Patriarchal authority of father, [19], [35], [48], [51], [63], [68], [72], [74], [81].
- See [Father as tyrant.]
- Patriarchal family, [35], [45], [91], [215], [222], [255] et seq.
- Patriarchal theory, [24], [26], [35], [45] et seq., [254]
- Pearson, K., [231], [240], [241], [243], [248], [250], [251]
- Pecuniary matriarchy, [159]
- Pedangs of Sumatra, [148]-[150]
- Pelew Islanders, [152]-[159], [207]-[208]
- Petherick, [180]
- Picts, mother-descent among, [232]
- Pike, W., [198]
- Plato, [239]
- Plutarch, [216], [220]
- Polyandry, [42], [51], [112], [125], [136], [173], [260]
- Polygamous males, [49], [50], [52]
- Polygamy, [112], [125], [157], [259]
- Polynesians, [203]
- Position of the father, [13], [15], [17], [21], [58] et seq., [141], [143], [149], [165], [170], [173], [191], [225], [238], [242], [257]
- Position of the mother, [13], [15], [17], [21], [58] et seq., [111], [165], [176], [191], [225], [238], [257]
- Position of women, [18], [20], [21], [25], [26], [106], [143], [152], [158], [192], [204], [238]
- Powell, [114], [116]
- Power, [202], [224]
- Pre-matriarchal period, [35], [169], [255]
- Present social and economic condition, [14], [267]-[269]
- Prevalence of mother-descent, [17], [128]-[129], [209]-[210], [233]
- Primal law, [24], [47], [52], [73], [74], [75], [77]
- Promiscuity, [23], [25], [27], [31], [32], [40] et seq., [43], [45] et seq., [76], [97], [99], [168], [209]-[210], [255]
- Property ownership, its importance for women, [43], [45] et seq., [77], [97], [99], [168], [209]-[210], [255]
- Pueblos, [116] et seq., [200], [207]
- Purchase marriage, [124], [177], [182], [233]
- Puritan spirit, [36], [96], [255]
- Q
- Quissama women, [203]
- R
- Race, responsibility to, [37], [268]-[269]
- Ratzel, [206]
- Religions, position of women in primitive, [29], [37], [238], [241].
- See [Divinities, women as.]
- Religious festivals, [241], [242]-[243]
- Religious myths, [29]-[30], [33], [236]-[238]
- Revolt of women, [31], [34], [35], [44], [267]
- Rhys and Brynmor-Jones, [233]
- Riedel, [183]
- Rome, ancient, traces of mother-right in, [215]-[216]
- S
- Sai tribe, [123]-[124]
- Salish tribe, [127]
- Samoa, [187]
- Santals, [177]
- Schellong, [201]
- School craft, [110], [112], [116]
- Semper, [157]
- Senecas. See Iroquois.
- Seri Indians, [126]-[128]
- Service marriage, [147]-[150], [184], [222]-[223]
- Sex antagonism, [36], [55], [264] et seq.
- Sexual egoism of male, [61], [67].
- See [Unsocial conduct of males.]
- Sexual freedom for women, [120], [127], [171], [173], [178], [179]-[180], [260]
- Sexual subjection of female, [53], [63], [68], [189], [191], [265]-[266]
- Similarity of sexes, [129]-[131], [218]
- Similkameen Indians, [198]
- Slavs, the clan among the, [231]
- Social conduct of women, [31], [34], [55] et seq., [59]-[65], [68], [70], [72], [75], [81], [90], [107], [193], [256] et seq.
- Social habits, primitive, [23], [49], [58] et seq., [67], [81], [107] et seq., [170].
- See [Maternal marriage.]
- Soulima women, [176]
- Spain, position of women in, [227]-[230]
- Sparta, [220], [222]
- Spencer, H., [180]
- Spiritual quality in women, [31], [56], [68]
- Stages in the development of the family, [17], [23], [97], [168], [174], [194], [254] et seq.
- T
- Taboos, primitive sexual, [73], [77]-[78], [107], [168], [170], [257]
- Tacitus, [230]
- Tarrahumari Indians, [152]
- Tasmanian women, [195]
- Thebans, [220]
- Thibet, [173]
- Thomas, C., [129]
- Thomas, I. T., [181], [202]
- Thomas, N. W., [95]
- Torday and Joice, [184]
- Torres Straits, women’s work in, [196]
- Totem names, [77], [87], [119], [168], [257]
- Touaregs of the Saraha, [159]-[162], [227]
- Transition period, [12], [23], [151], [169], [184] et seq., [187], [235], [261]
- Tribal ancestresses, [135], [155], [226], [231], [233], [234]
- Turner, [188], [197]
- Tylor, [25], [98], [104], [117], [152]
- U
- Uncertainty of paternity, [27], [41], [42], [99], [141], [254]
- Unsocial conduct of male, [55] et seq., [61]-[64], [68], [71], [72], [75], [90], [193], [256]
- V
- Visiting wife in secret, [140]-[141], [147], [220], [222]-[223], [258]
- Volti, [123]
- W
- Wade, [189]
- Waitz-Gerland, [181]
- Wamoimia, [175]
- War and women, [115]-[116], [197]-[198], [246]
- Watubela tribe, [183]
- Wayao tribe, [183]
- Wells, Mr. H. G., [24], [52], [192]
- Werner, Alice, [175], [204]
- Westermarck, [18], [35], [42], [47], [76], [95], [99], [125], [152], [168], [209]
- Wheeler, J. M., [152]
- Wilkin, [188], [189]
- Woman as food-giver, [60], [202] et seq.
- Woman’s movement, [11] et seq., [267]-[268]
- Women, primitive, not ill-treated by men, [200] et seq.
- Women, spiritual superiority, [30]
- Wright, Asher, Rev., [111]
- Wyandots. See Iroquois.
- Y
- Yahgan of Tierra del Fuego, [198]
- Yaos of Africa, [175]
- Ymer, [157]
- Yokia women of California, [202]
- Z
- Zuñi Indians, [117]-[118], [120]-[122]
Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR